حفیظ الرحمان احسنؔ(۱۹۳۴ئ۔پ) کا اصل نام حفیظ الرحمان اور احسن ؔتخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور کے ایک مذہبی گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۵۹ء میں اسلامیہ کالج سول لائن لاہور سے ایم۔اے عربی کیا اور گورنمنٹ انٹر میڈیٹ کالج فیصل آبادمیں عربی لیکچرا ر کی حیثیت سے تعینات ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۳ء میں مرے کالج سیالکوٹ میں عربی کے لیکچرا ر کے طورپر تقرری ہوئی۔ ۱۹۶۶ء میں لاہور میں ایوانِ ادب ادارہ قائم کیا۔ (۸۳۴) حفیظ الرحمن احسنؔ کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’ننھی منھی خوبصورت نظمیں‘‘ ایوانِ ادب لاہور سے ۱۹۸۳ء کو شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’فصلِ زیاں‘‘ سدا بہار پبلشرز لاہور نے ۱۹۹۰ء میں طبع کیا۔ ’’ستارہ شامِ ہجراں‘‘ ،’’موجِ سلسبیل‘‘ ،’’نغماتِ طفلی‘‘،’’غبار خزاں‘‘،’’نوائے راز‘‘ ،’’ارشحاتِ تسنیم‘‘ اور ’’کلامِ احسن‘‘ احسنؔ کے سات شعری مجموعے غیر مطبوعہ ہیں۔
احسنؔ نے اردو میں تمام موضوعات میں عمدہ شاعری کی ہے مگر ادبی حلقوں میں ان کی وجہ شہرت خاص طورپر ان کی مزاحمتی شاعری ہے۔ وہ غزل کے شاعر ہیں اور انھوں نے اپنی غزل میں اپنی ملت کی ترجمانی کی ہے۔ حفیظ کے پیرائیہ اظہار کی غزل میں دو انداز نمایاں ہیں۔ایک تو غزل کے روایتی محبوب کا وہ تصوراتی پیکر ہے جو ہماری غزل کا سرمایہ خاص رہا ہے۔ جس میں عشوہ طرازی، عشاق کشی اور ہرجائی پن کی صفات ایک سیاسی راہنما کی ذات کو وسیلہ اظہار بناتی ہیں۔ اس طرزِ کلام میں ایک خاص طرح کی شوخی ،جدت ،گرمی اور سرشاری دکھائی دیتی ہے۔ کچھ اشعار پیشِ خدمت ہیں:
نہ تھے ہم خوش گماں تُجھ سے خبر یہ بھی نہ تھی لیکن
لبِ اغیار پریوں بھی تر افسانہ آئے گا(۸۳۵)
کم نوائی پر نہ جا طوفاں اُٹھا سکتے ہیں ہم
ضبط ہے کچھ اور خوئے بے زبانی اور ہے(۸۳۶)
تری غم خواری مفلس کے چرچے عام ہیں لیکن
فقیر...
ABSTRACT: Qazi Ayaz was one of the great scholars in the Knowledge of Hadith. He enjoys a unique status in his memory, narration and understanding of Hadith. He has vast knowledge of chains of Hadith, its transmitters, and their biographies. For acquiring this high position he always travelled to get the Hadith from its well-known experts, and used utmost care in getting the authentic chains of transmitters, so much so that he is considered an authority among the great scholars ofHadith. The methodology of Ayaz in the science of the transmission of Hadith is based upon research, accuracy and authentication ofthe text. He considers the science of transmission and narration. The origin and essence in authenticating the Hadith. He was strict in the criticism of the text of Hadith and emphasized on the narration of the Prophet’s words instead of allowing the narration of the meanings, unlike the other scholars of Hadith. Hence he held some special views, due to his long experience in Hadith. Some of his views are about: The comparison with the original hearing. The appropriate age while transmitting Hadith toothers. The omitting ofrepeated words in Hadith. The usage of the marks of dialect in the text ofHadith. The permission in narration ofthose Hadith about which he himselfdoes not have permission
As the global stock of natural resources depletes the need of electricity efficient processes emerges. Laser cutting, an advance non-contact processing technique, outweighs the old methods such as hotwire and milling due to the requirement of retightening and replacement of cutting tools with time. Orthogonal array and Factorial design are selected as a design of experiment for modelling and optimization of Laser cutting process. The range adjustment of laser machine requires knowledge of experimental design, laser cutting process and material properties, otherwise missing values generate due to unsuccessful cutting. For this reason, many universities are unable to utilize these machines effectively. It is essential to formulate a technique which allows modelling the data with some missing values, consequently, it enhance the utilization of laser machines for research and other purposes. Initially, the qualities of output characteristic were modelled by Statistical and Neural network without missing values and then by supervised and novel Semi-supervised learning algorithms with missing values. The Statistical modelling results using one and two way analysis of variance with replication were better than other data mining techniques like linear and nonlinear regression, however, it is difficult to use these methods with missing values. Therefore, supervised neural network modelling is carried out and the effects of its parametric change are observed along the datasets size to model the orthogonal array. The neural network modelling results in edge quality and kerf width signal to noise ratio, it is acceptable, the edge quality indicates that modelling improves by pre-normalization, further improvement was made by increasing training data size to factorial design. It is observed that for the artificial neural network, supervised learning is not sufficient associated to orthogonal array, only due to edge quality mean modelling, average error were higher than the acceptable limit. The average error with factorial design was under 10%. The vast modelling experience of supervised learning engenders the development of novel Semi-Supervised learning algorithm. Consequently, the average error was reduced by utilizing the systematic randomize techniques to initialize the neural network weights and increase the number of initialization by using orthogonal array design of experiment, with up to 22% missing values. This algorithm reduces modelling time and cost thus reduces electricity consumption. The average error in Perspex sheet did not exceed 8.0% and 11.5% for edge quality and kerf width respectively. The overall quality was calculated by aggregation technique of data mining and a more generous and better aggregation is carried out by the novel combination of Fuzzy logic which provides overall quality for the customer while saving cost, time and Electricity.