Practical Depiction of Gender Equality in Fiqh ul Seerah Perspective: An Analytical Assessment

“Gender equality” is certainly not another concept, this approach had been advocated in Islam, based on principles of equity and universal justice. Equality of rights are discussed in detail in sharīʿah (Islamic Law) and Holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (had implemented them during his sacred era. Because the Qur'an and the Seer’ah of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (is a permanent phenomenon of practice and guidance. According to the sharīʿah men and women without any discrimination are equal before Allah, and women had granted their rights in inheritance and property, social and marriage rights, not aforementioned only, women also have the right to perform civic and administrative duties. From last few decades the concept of gender equality has increased and becoming chicer and trending on the international level. This study emphasizes the equal status between men and women, described in sharīʿah (Islamic Law; based upon Qur’an and Hadith mainly). This concept has often been misunderstood by the majority of society as a direct result of ignorance on how Islam perceives this concept. Not surprisingly, throughout the history of Islam indicates the prominent role has played by Muslim women played every walk of life. Therefore, the present research has discussed the gender equality in fiqh ul seerah perspective and has provided the detailed interpretation in the light of derived Law from actions and decisions taken by the Holy Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم, (along this the study also sheds lights upon the implementation of these gender-based rights during most sacred prophetic era and during the period of righteous caliphate as well.

Developing Students Conceptual Understanding and Reasoning Skills of Geometrical Proofs Through Integrating Geogebra Software in Grade 10 in a Private Higher Secondary School Situated in Chitral, Pakistan

Mathematics is one of the compulsory subjects taught from kindergarten to matriculation level in the schools of Pakistan. Teaching mathematics remained a challenge generally and geometry, particularly due to the abstract nature of the topics. The board and chalk method of teaching is not enough to develop the conceptual understanding and the reasoning skills of students. For this purpose, the integration of the Dynamic Geometry Software's (DGS) are introduced to enrich and enhance the learning of students in classroom teaching, along with the traditional instructional methods. Geogebra is one of the Dynamic Geometry software, which is famous for its freeware, offline use and versatile features to construct analyse and visualize the geometrical objects. An action research based on qualitative approach has been conducted on grade 10 students to develop their understanding of geometrical proofs through integrating the Geogebra software in a private secondary school, Chitral. The data has been collected in two phases and comprises 12 lessons on circle theorems taken from the National Curriculum of Mathematics i.e., NCM (2006). The data collection tools includes focused group discussion of six research participants, interviews of mathematics teacher, feedback from critical friend, students 'work on the software and their written reflections after each phase. The findings revealed that the integration of the software enhanced the understanding of geometrical proofs and their reasoning skills in the students. The students found the software friendly, interactive, and helpful in understanding the abstract topics. The use of the Van Hiele's geometrical thinking model enhanced the understanding of the students in the systematic using of Geogebra. For example, the students visualized the geometrical objects, analysed the properties through dragging and flipping and then informally deduced the relative changes in the figures to formally provide arguments or reasons for their geometrical works in solving problems related to circle theorems. Furthermore, this software helped the teachers to utilize the teaching time effectively through engaging the students individually in the learning process. In addition, the integration of the software filled the gap of conversation between the students and teacher while teaching abstract topics in geometry, making them tangible and visible. Finally, the success of the integration of software in teaching depends on the motivational power and skills of teachers in designing the tasks to scaffold the students' learning vividly.