آغا شورش کاشمیری
مولانا محمد میاں کے ماتم میں ابھی اشک غم دیدۂ پُرنم میں خشک بھی نہیں ہوئے تھے کہ اچانک لاہور سے آغا شورش کاشمیری کے انتقال پرملال کی خبرملی اورجی دھک سے ہوکررہ گیا۔اردو صحافت و جزنلزم کی تاریخ میں دبستان ظفر علی خاں نے پنجاب میں ارباب قلم اوراصحاب شعرو ادب کی جو ایک نہایت عظیم الشان اور نامور نسل پیداکی ہے، مرحوم اس کے گل سرسبد تھے۔نوعمری میں ہی قومی اور ملی تحریکات میں سرگرمی اورجوش کے ساتھ عملاً شریک ہوجانے کے باعث تعلیم کبھی ڈھنگ سے نہیں پائی اورنہ اس کی تکمیل کی لیکن تحریر وتقریر کاملکہ خداداد تھا، مولانا ظفر علی خاں،سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اوردوسرے زعمائے مجلس احرار نے اس کو جلا دی، نتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ اردوزبان کے منفرد صحافی،ادیب،بلندپایہ زودگوشاعر اورشعلہ بیان خطیب و مقرر بن گئے۔ان کو نثرونظم دونوں پربلا کی قدرت تھی اوردونوں میں خطابت کا رنگ جھلکتاتھا، اس اعتبار سے ان کے عبقری ہونے میں کوئی شبہ نہیں ہے۔ ان اوصاف وکمالات کے ساتھ اگر ان میں مصلحت پسندی بھی ہوتی توان کے لیے کیا کچھ نہیں تھا لیکن انھوں نے اصحاب دارورسن کی راہ اختیار کی اوراس جوش وجذبہ کے ساتھ کہ عمرعزیز کاایک بڑاحصہ قیدوبند میں گزارنا پڑا۔ابھی چند ماہ پہلے اُن کامحبت نامہ جواڈیٹر برہان کے نام آیاتھا اس میں بڑی حسرت سے لکھا تھا:’’اس قید وبندنے مجھے کہیں کا نہیں رکھا اورمجھ میں کچھ نہیں رہا، تمناہے کہ زندگی میں ایک بار آپ کواوردیکھ لوں۔‘‘کیاخبر تھی کہ مرحوم کایہ آخری خط ہے، ورنہ اس کے جواب میں مکتوب الیہ خودلاہور پہنچنے کی کوشش کرتا۔یہ عجب شرط دوستی ووفاداری ہے اے دوست کہ ادھریہ تمنا اورادھر یہ بے رخی کہ
جاتے ہوئے کہتے ہو قیامت کو ملیں گے
کیاخوب قیامت کاہے گویا کوئی دن اور
مولانا ابوالکلام آزاداور مولانا حفظ...
Objective: In order to provide equal educational opportunities, community school networking is an emerging trend to facilitate inclusion of children with mild-moderate Autism. This quantitative research aims to investigate the effectiveness of community networking for children with Autism from Pakistani lower socio-economic stratum of society.
Study Design: Qualitative Research Design
Study Settings and Participants: Six mild-moderate autistic children were enrolled in three mainstreams schools and a liaison between these schools, and a rehabilitation center located in the same area was created to facilitate inclusion. The researchers interviewed six teachers from mainstream schools, three school administrators and one administrator of rehabilitation regarding the effectiveness of community school networking for children with Autism after eight months of this collaboration.
Data Collection Tool: Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews
Results: All participating administrators and teachers underscored the changes in social and behavioral patterns of autistic children which included an imitation of positive behaviors from peers, acceptance, and awareness as strengths of community school networking model. However, major challenges faced were unacceptability from parents of normal children, learning differences, curriculum modifications, time constraints and dependency on the resource teacher. The administrators and teachers recommended that creating awareness programs for parents of normal children, curriculum modifications and in-house psychologists can further facilitate inclusion of children with disabilities.
Conclusion: It was concluded that community school networking model can assist inclusive education and encourage engagement for all children, including those who are autistic.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) exerts an intense impact on patient’s lipid metabolism. Hence the aim of present study is to determine metabolic derangement that occurs in subjects suffering from hepatitis B, C and cirrhosis. The fasting blood samples were collected from hepatitis B (n=50), C (n=50) and cirrhosis patients (HBV-cirrhosis n=30 and HCV-cirrhosis n=50) along with age and gender matched controls. After separating serum, lipid profile was analyzed by micro-lab 300 and fatty acids (FAs) composition was examined by gas chromatography. Fatty acids were further confirmed by gas GC-MS technique. The epidemiological risk factors for transmission of HBV, HCV and cirrhosis were measured through standard questionnaire specially designed for that purpose. The demographic factors, mainly positive family history, dental treatment, blood transfusion and shaving from barber shop are significant contributing factors in spread of HBV, HCV, and cirrhosis infection. Hypolipidemia in HBV and HCV patients is possibly due to alter liver function. Lipogenesis is elevated in HCV and HBV patients as evident from reduced serum PUFA and elevated SFA as well as MUFA levels. Hence, it proposes the importance of PUFA supplementation and it may provide synergistic antiviral effects when given as a food supplement during the INF based anti - HCV therapy. The lower level of lipid profile (TAG, cholesterol, LDL–C, HDL–C, VLDL–C and total lipids) indicating hypolipidemia in HBV-cirrhosis and HCVcirrhosis patients specify the nonfunctioning of liver. The increased lipogenesis (increased level of SFA) and reduced PUFA levels may be due to altering desaturases activities, impaired PUFA metabolism and non-enzymatic oxidation is associated with progression of HBV-cirrhosis/ HCV-cirrhosis diseases in patients and promote the hepatic lipotoxicity. In conclusion, the hepatitis B and C viruses alter the total cholesterol and FA metabolic pathways. Therefore, the present study provides the information about the changes associated with lipid metabolism and significant upregulation, which might be used as a biomarker for hepatitis B, C and cirrhosis diseases.