پروفیسر رشید احمد صدیقی
افسوس ہے ابھی مولانا عبدالماجد دریابادی کے اشک ماتم خشک بھی نہیں ہوئے تھے کہ اردو ادب وانشا کے میدان کاایک اورشہسوار گرا یعنی پروفیسر رشید احمد صاحب صدیقی نے کم وبیش پچاسی برس کی عمر میں علی گڑھ میں وفات پائی اور وہیں سپردخاک ہوئے۔ مرحوم کا اصل وطن جونپور تھا لیکن طالب علمی کے زمانہ میں علی گڑھ آئے تو بس یہیں کے ہوکر رہ گئے، یہیں انھوں نے تعلیم حاصل کی۔ اُس زمانہ میں اردو میں ایم۔اے نہیں ہوتاتھا اس لیے فارسی میں ایم۔اے کیا، پھر یہیں اردوکے لیکچرر ہوئے اورایک عرصہ کے بعدریڈر بنے۔ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین صاحب جن کومرحوم ہمیشہ مرشد کہتے اورلکھتے تھے اُن کی وائس چانسلری کے زمانہ میں پروفیسر ہوگئے لیکن اس عہدہ پرفائز ہوئے ابھی دو ہی برس ہوئے تھے کہ ملازمت سے سبکدوش کردیے گئے۔ یونیورسٹی کے قانون کے مطابق وہ ابھی توسیع کے مستحق تھے لیکن اس زمانہ میں یونیورسٹی میں جو سیاست چل رہی تھی وہ مانع ہوئی اور شیخ عبدالرشید(شعبۂ تاریخ)وغیرہ کے ساتھ یہ بھی ریٹائرڈ کرد یے گئے۔ مرحوم نہایت خوددار اورحساس تھے اس لیے انھوں نے شکوہ شکایت کسی سے نہیں کیا لیکن انھیں اس کااحساس عمر بھررہا چنانچہ وہ علی گڑھ میں ہی اپنے ذاتی طویل و عریض مکان میں ایسے گوشہ نشین ہوکربیٹھ گئے کہ نہ کبھی اردو ڈپارٹمنٹ میں قدم رکھا اورنہ یونیورسٹی کی کسی تقریب،کسی پارٹی اورفنکشن میں کہیں نظر آئے۔
مرحوم نے اگرچہ کوئی مستقل کتاب کبھی نہیں لکھی اورنہ کوئی علمی اورتحقیقی کام کیا لیکن وہ اردو زبان کے عظیم نکتہ دان اورادیب تھے، اس لیے مضامین کثرت سے لکھے جن کے دومجموعے ’ ’طنزیات ومضحکات‘‘ اور ’’مضامین رشید‘‘ کے نام سے طبع ہوکر ارباب ذوق میں مقبول اورمشہور ہوئے۔ علاوہ ازیں بعض خطبات بھی چھپے ہیں۔ ان کااردو، فارسی اور انگریزی ادب...
This research is entitled Analysis Leverage, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), and Profit Quality on Earnings Quality in Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and indexed by the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). This research was conducted because the previous research was mostly conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while only a few were conducted on companies indexed by the Jakarta Islamic Index so that research was very open, by adding variables namely profit quality and earnings quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effect on earnings quality in companies indexed by the Jakarta Islamic Index.The population of this study are companies listed and indexed by the Jakarta Islamic Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while the samples used are financial reports for 2018-2020. The sampling method was carried out using purposive sampling method. The number of samples obtained was 90 company data listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and indexed by the Jakarta Islamic Index (30 companies and an observation period of 3 years, namely 2018-2020). The data analysis method used by the author is multiple linear regression analysis method both partially and simultaneously using SPSS 23. The results showed that partially leverage has a significant effect on earnings quality, good corporate governance has a significant effect on earnings quality and earnings quality has a significant effect on earnings quality, while simultaneously showing that leverage, good corporate governance, and earnings quality have a significant effect on earnings quality.
Before the establishment of Pakistan, there was a strong tradition of Urdu satire and humorous poetry. After the disintegration of subcontinent, due to the geographical, cultural and political charges a new era of Urdu humorous poetry has been started. It has adopted the effects of changes due to the creation of Pakistan in 1947 and gradually has reflected the political, social, cultural and economical changes of the new born country. Therefore, satire and humorous poetry is considered as the historical literature of Pakistan's political and social circumstances. It also collects materials and topics from the changes in political and social fields of national and international levels, and whenever it founds any weakness, it hits that point. That’s why there was started a great addition in the Urdu humorous poetry's treasure on one side, and on the other side new possibilities were introduced in the development of Urdu language and critical literature. There was less attention towards humorous poetry in comparison to the serious poetry, while the humorous poetry also accepts the effects of political and social changes as the serious poetry does. As the serious poetry supports the critical literature, humorous poetry also isn't lagging behind in throwing light on such facts. The under view research has been written to highlight the importance and usefulness of humorous poetry on the above basis. To make this research a complete work the distribution of chapter has been done as under: 1st Chapter: Throwing light on the principles and basic topics on satire and humorous poetry with discussion on humorous before creation of Pakistan. 2nd Chapter: Humorous poetry from 1947 to 1960/discussion on social and political conditions of this era. 3rd Chapter: Humorous poetry from 1960 to 1971 study of humorous poetry in the light of political and social conditions of that era. 4th Chapter: 1971 to 1990 / Social circumstances and political environment and humorous poetry. 5th Chapter 1991 to 2013 political and social conditions and its effects on humorous poetry. Last Chapter: An overview, conclusion and recommendations were presented.