Comparative Analysis of the Controversies Among the Orientalist About the Epilepsy Imputed to the Holy Prophet S. A. W

The opponents of Islam and its prophet, Muhammad (p) including some of the orientalists, have always tried their best to distort the real image of Islam and malign the person of the holy Prophet. They have produced many baseless stories and notions about the teachings of Islam and the person and life of the holy Prophet. They accused the Prophet (p) of having compiled the Qur’an out of the teachings of Christianity, Judaism and the customs of pre-Muhammadan Arabs. They maintain that Muhammad (p) was caught by epilepsy and trances, out of which he pretended to having received the Quranic revelation. They mention the incident of ‘Shaq al-Sadr’ (splitting up of the bosom of the prophet in his childhood) and the shivering condition of the holy Prophet(p) while receiving the revelations as hallucination of epileptic fits. But the history, medical science, the logical reasoning and the impartial orientalists have absolutely rejected their biased allegations on the personality of the holy Prophet. They certified that Muhammad (p) had never suffered from any type of such ailment like epileptic fits, seizers, trances or the falling sickness. The author is this paper refutes the allegation of epilepsy to the prophet with the help of impartial studies of the orientalists and evidences from the medical science, thus, highlighted the superficiality of the investigations of some orientalists about Islam and Its Prophet.

Analytical Solutions for Different Motions of Differential and Rate Type Fluids With Fractional Derivatives.

In this dissertation, we present the analytical studies of some uid ow models. We analyze the fractional models for the ow of non-Newtonian uids via classical computational techniques to obtain analytical solutions. This study includes the investigation of the unsteady natural convection ow of Maxwell uid with fractional derivative over an exponentially accelerated in nite vertical plate. Slip condition, chemical reaction, transverse magneticeld and Newtonian heating e ects are also considered using a modern de nition of fractional derivative. Moreover, the unsteady ow of Maxwell uid with noninteger order derivatives through a circular cylinder of in nite length in a rotating frame is studied. The motion of Maxwell uid is generated by a time dependent torsion applied to the surface of the cylinder. As novelty, the dimensionless governing equation related to the non-trivial shear stress is used and therst exact solution analogous to a ramped shear stress on the surface is obtained. The rotational ow of an Oldroyd-B uid with fractional derivative induced by an in nite circular cylinder that applies a constant couple stress to the uid is investigated. It is worth mentioning that the considered problem of Oldroyd-B uid in the settings of fractional derivatives has not been found in the literature. Some unsteady Couette ows of an Oldroyd-B uid with non-integer derivative in an annular region of two in nite co-axial circular cylinders are investigated. Flows are due to the motion of the outer cylinder, that rotates about its axis with an arbitrary time dependent velocity while the inner cylinder is heldxed. Finally, the analysis of the second grade uid with fractional derivative is made. The uidlls the annulus region between two coaxial cylinders in which one cylinder is at rest while the other experiences time dependent shear stress. In all the ow models, we obtained the exact or semi analytical solutions for the motions with technical relevance. These solutions correspond to some ows in which either velocity or the shear stress is given on the boundary are established for di erent kinds of rate and di erential type uids. The obtained solutions presented in all the uid ow models satisfy the imposed initial and boundary conditions. Further, the ow properties and comparison of models with respect to derivative (fractional or ordinary) are highlighted by graphical illustrations.