The Issue of Human Cloning: A Review in Semitic Religions’ Context

Human cloning has emerged as a new and innovative technology in the reproductive and therapeutic science in the recent past. So far it has not been practiced over human beings but owing to its huge potential and possible scope, it has attracted the attention of not only the masses (particularly the infertile couples and LGBTQs etc) but the other stakeholders including the religious scholars from worlds’ prominent religions have given their views on this technology in order to guide their followers. This paper examines and reviews the religious points of view on human cloning. For this purpose, three Semitic religions in the world i-e Judaism, Christianity, and Islām have been examined. As far as Islam is concerned, this portion has been divided into two broad sections elaborating the Shī‘ah and Sunnī schools’ opinions. Being an innovative topic, the religious teachings do not address it directly hence the injunctions related to the reproduction are most relevant to it. Three Semitic religions have been examined from the perspective of admissibility or non-admissibility of human cloning, the rationale behind the verdict on human cloning and the possible solutions to the issues and problems faced by the followers in the case of acceptance or rejection of this biomedical technology. Most of the religions emphasize over adaptability of the natural mode of reproduction only, where male and female genders contribute to the reproductive cycle. The Semitic religions reject the reproductive cloning generally. The religious experts need to conduct more focused and updated research before coming to any conclusion about the permissibility or non-permissibility of this technique.

Screening of Lactobacillus Fermentum L. Fermentum from Buffalo Milk for Their Potential Use As Probiotic

The demand of functional foods is on the rise and researchers are trying to develop nutritious dairy products from well characterized bacterial strains. Lactobacillus is considered to be important bacterial species, which have been recognized as probiotics for providing host health through the improvement in the gut microbiota. The objective of present study was to isolate and molecular characterize the Lactobacillus fermentum from Nilli Ravi buffalo milk for its potential use as probiotic like fermented milk. Fifteen (15) L. fermentum were isolated and studied for acid and bile salt tolerance. Out of fifteen strains, only 4 strains (NMCC-17, NMCC-2, NMCC-28, and NMCC-14) were selected based on their maximum acid and bile salt resistance. These strains were used for in vitro study for their probiotic potential based on lysozymes tolerance, cholesterol assimilation, autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, lipolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic, beta-galactosidase test, hemolytic activity and exopolysaccharide production. NMCC-14 and NMCC-17 strains showed maximum probiotic potential. These isolates were identified as L. fermentum (MK611941 and MK614164) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fermented milk sample inoculated with NMCC-14, and NMCC-17 showed decreased in live cfu/g at 4 o C at day 25. Bacterial count persistence is more than 7cfu /ml which is good sign of health benefit requirement