مدرٹریسا
مدر ٹریسا بھی۵/ستمبر۱۹۹۷ء بروزجمعہ کوانتقال کرگئیں۔ان کے انتقال سے عیسائی دنیا کو بڑاگہرا دھچکا لگاہے۔ کہنے کو وہ ایک ہمدرد،غمگسار انسانیت تھیں لیکن ان کی تمام خدمات بباطن عیسائیت کی تبلیغ ونشرواشاعت کی معین تھیں اسی وجہ سے انھیں نوبل انعام سے بھی نوازا گیا اورنوبل انعام انھیں کیوں نہ ملتا جبکہ اس کے دینے والے عیسائی مذہب کے پیروکار ہی ہیں۔ ہم مسلمانوں کے لیے ان کی شخصیت میں جودیکھنے کی بات ہے وہ ہے ایمانداری، شرافت جذبۂ خدمت خلق، قربانی، ایثار ہے۔ اپنے مذہب کی تبلیغ انھوں نے اسی جذبہ وایثار اورقربانی کے ساتھ خدمت خلق کے راستے سے کی جوایک سعی میں شامل ہے۔اپنا بچپن،اپنی جوانی، اپنی رشتہ داری عزیز داری سب کچھ اس ایثار کی تئیں خاتون نے اپنے مذہب کے لیے نچھاور کردیا۔۱۹۱۰ء میں پیدا ہوئی یہ خاتون۱۹۲۸ء میں مکمل طورپر اپنے آپ کو خدمت خلق وانسانیت کے راستے سے اپنے مذہب کے سپرد کرچکی تھی۔ اپنی تمام خواہشات اپنی تمام تمنائیں اس نیک خاتون نے اپنے مذہب کو دے دیں۔یہ بہت بڑا مجاہدہ ہے اس خاتون کا، اپنے مذہب پرسچے دل سے قربانی نے انھیں ہماری طرف سے خراج عقیدت کامستحق بنادیاہے۔
[ستمبر۱۹۹۷ء]
There are two main sources of Islam, one is the Book of Allah and the other is the Sunnah and Sira of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The Qur'an is the final collection of 23 years of divine revelation revealed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) whose literal and spiritual preservation was undertaken by Allah Almighty Himself. Therefore, the Qur'an is the only book in the world which has one letter, one action and one line in its original state just as it was revealed to the pure heart of the Holy Prophet (sws) and the Holy Prophet (sws). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told the Sahaabah. That is why the greatest truth of Islam, the book is the living Qur'an. The second major basis of the reality of Islam is the pure Sira and Sunnah of the Prophet of Humanity, the Servant of the Universe. Like the Qur'an al-Hakim, every moment, every day and every angle of the life of the author of the Qur'an is in front of everyone like an open book with all its mysteries. Even in front of one's own and in front of others. A da’if hadith is a hadith which does not fulfil the conditions of the sahih or hassan hadith.
Ruling: There is a difference of opinion between the ‘ulema on the ruling on acting upon weak hadiths. The reliable opinion is that weak hadiths can be acted upon for virtuous supererogatory deeds (fada’il al a’mal), for religious exhortation, and stories, and similar things that are not connected to legal rulings and tenants of belief.
Keywords: Hadith, Hadith e Da’eef, Derivation of Ahkaam, Jurists, Different opinions.
The partition of 1947 affected the socio-economic position of the Punjab at large scale. It has differential impacts on the different areas of the Punjab. These varied impacts are historically rooted and desired a careful grass-root level academic research.To challenge general standard narrative of uniform migration process and homogenous rehabilitation of the refugees, this research is focused on canal colony areas in the West Punjab by taking Toba Tek Singh as a case study. The existing literature is confined to provincial and districts level accounts and desired extension to tehsil and town level understanding of this very complex process of migration and rehabilitation of the refugees. The partitions of Punjab and Bengal, in the wake of the partition of 1947, was the major [though not the only] factor of violence, communal massacre and forced migration across the border between India and Pakistan. Apart from Bengal, where Pakistan-India border went through less catastrophic change and real migration started in 1950s, in Punjab the migration process was spontaneous and started even before August 1947. Because of migration of the Hindu and Sikh population and resettlement of millions of Muslims refugees from India, West Punjab had gone through massive socio-economic change after the partition. Rehabilitation of the refugees, after the partition, was shown as the top priority by the government of Pakistan, considering it ‘lurking dangers’ to the very existence of Pakistan. Most of these phenomena [the partition, refugee crisis, failure of democracy etc.] were interpreted with the help of ‘high politics’ approach, based on national or provincial level understanding. District and tehsil level micro socio-economic and political changes are generally overlooked because of variety of reasons, especially, comparatively a difficult research terrain. During last fifteen years or so West Punjab has witnessed considerable attention by the historians in terms of the partition and its aftermath. But most of the research is still confined to border or industrial cities, like, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Faisalabad. Especially the canal colony areas are generally overlooked. This thesis is influenced by the project ‘The Subcontinent Divided: A New Beginning’ which intends to write ‘a New History’ of the partition through the lens of ‘human dimension approach’. Through empirical based historical study and oral history techniques we counter-checked the established narrative of partition-related refugee’s rehabilitation projects and analyzed socio-economic transformation in Punjab after the partition. Every day state approach also has been used to understand the changes in day to day affairs after the partition in Toba Tek Singh. The case studies of three villages and town of Toba Tek Singh in tehsil Toba Tek Singh [district Lyallpur] proved very helpful to understand socio-economic changes in Lower Chenab Colony before and after the partition. The Lower Chenab Colony was the richest canal colony in west Punjab in which non-Muslim [Sikhs and Hindus] had dominant share in agrarian economy. They were replaced with Muslim refugees after the partition. This thesis helps us to understand the grass root level socio-economic changes to further comprehend provincial and national level issues. It also provides in-depth information about; factors of migration of Hindu and Sikh communities, role of the government in the refugee’s rehabilitation, local-refugee relationships and refugee identity in Toba Tek Singh. This locality based information not only enhanced existing understanding about the partition and its aftermath but also question the official narrative of smooth and efficient refugees’ rehabilitation process in post partition period. List