عبدالرزاق قریشی
دارالمصنفین میں یہ خبربڑے دکھ اور رنج سے سنی گئی کہ جناب عبدالرزاق قریشی اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، ان کی وفات سے نہ صرف اردو زبان و ادب ایک لائق خدمت گزار، بلکہ دارالمصنفین ایک بہت ہی مخلص پرستار سے محروم ہوگیا ہے، ان کے اعزہ نے ان کی وفات کی خبر بڑی تاخیر سے بھیجی۔ معارف کی آیندہ اشاعت میں ان پر ایک تفصیلی مضمون شائع ہوگا، اس وقت توان کی مغفرت کے لیے دل سے دعا نکل رہی ہے۔
(’صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، ستمبر ۱۹۷۷ء)
عبدالرزاق قریشی مرحوم
(سیدشہاب الدین دسنوی )
ضلع اعظم گڈھ کی ایک چھوٹی سی بستی بسہہ میں ۳۰؍ جولائی ۷۷ء کو عبدالرزاق قریشی پر ۹ بجے دن کو دورہ پڑا، دو تین قے ہوئی، ۱۲ بجکر دس منٹ پر ’’یااﷲ‘‘ کہہ کر آنکھیں بن کرلیں اور پانچ منٹ بعد یہ خاموش، متین اور سنجیدہ، سادہ مزاج اسکالر اور ادیب اپنے مالک حقیقی سے جاملا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
عبدالرزاق قریشی کم عمری میں بمبئی چلے گئے تھے، جہاں میری اور ان کی رفاقت ۴۱ سال تک قائم رہی، ان کا خاندانی ماحول کچھ ایسا حوصلہ افزا نہ تھا، کہ وہ کسی اسکول یا مدرسے کی تعلیم مکمل کرسکتے، اس کے باوجود وہ بمبئی آئے تو اپنے ساتھ پڑھنے لکھنے کا شوق بھی لیتے آئے تشنگی علم انھیں مختلف چشموں تک لے گئی، مگر آخر میں میکدہ شبلی کے اس بادہ خور کو جس ساقی کی تلاش تھی، وہ ۱۹۳۲ء میں پروفیسر نجیب اشرف ندوی مرحوم کی صورت میں نظر آگیا، جو دارالمصنفین چھوڑنے کے بعد پہلے گورنمنٹ کالج احمد آباد، پھر وہاں سے بمبئی کے ایک سرکاری کالج میں اردو کے پروفیسر ہو کر آگئے تھے، اعظم گڑھ کے ہونے کے ناتے اور دبستان شبلی کے خوشہ چیں کی حیثیت سے قریشی صاحب نے...
‘Media is situated within, and fully interwoven with, many other social practices, to the extent where crime and media representations are inseparable’. Criminologist must, however, be alert to the ways in which media create perceptions in order to understand that things are not as always as they are presented. Criminologist has to be a well-versed scholar on the subject of media practices to tread fuzzy area between the news and propaganda and to identify the instances of media coverage of crime as the major culprit for the increase in crime through its redefinition; and for the increase in pessimism through projecting only dark things in much darker light as good news is bad news for media. Awareness of media practices helps criminologist to understand the reasons for separate feeds so can be used for different content of several newspapers to realize truth; and to understand the failure of media to publicize moral dilemma because of its failure to offer rational and duly informed societal response. Criminologist is to be media scholar to know that news is not necessarily about events those transcend crimes and there does exists the standoff between moral panic and realism and separation of cause and effect and the addition of newness to news and exceptionalization of crime; and crime representation can be for the marginalization of some groups.
A postpartum or postnatal period is a period starting afterward the birth of a child immediately and continued for about 6-8 weeks, may prolong to one year. Postpartum is the most neglected, abandoned and life-threatening phase for both mothers and babies; most complications and deaths occur during the postpartum period. Postpartum depression is a combination of physical and emotional changes that happen to mothers after giving birth; one of the major mental illnesses that affect many women from diverse culture. Socio-economic, demographic, environmental and cultural problems lead to this entire phenomenon in Pakistan. In this context, postpartum depression has received a little attention in Pakistan. A number of risk factors have been identified, but the actual social, obstetric and psychological determinants of postpartum depression among Pakistani women are not tacit. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the contributory factors of postpartum depression among women; and to view the effects of postpartum depression on the mother’s life. For this purpose, cross-sectional study was conducted, and both the quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to examine the factors. The universe of the study was District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The target population of the study was the postpartum mothers age 15-44 years with a baby up to one year of age in the rural areas of District Faisalabad. A sample of 400 respondents was selected through multistage sampling technique and data were collected through well designed interview schedule. Four rural towns were selected conveniently from District Faisalabad. At the first stage, four union councils were selected randomly from each rural town. At the second stage, 25 respondents were selected randomly from each selected union council. Qualitative data was conducted by using focus group discussion. Eight focus group discussions were conducted; two from each town. Both the descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out. Population based survey was analyzed through univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) to evaluate the responses; and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to check the level of postpartum depression among women. Focus group discussions were analyzed through content analysis technique. The present study found the most important contributing factor of postpartum depression such as education, family income, number of pregnancies and abortions, complications (pregnancy and delivery), self-crisis, lack of social support and violence. The most common symptoms of postpartum depression among women are crying incidents, anxiety, changes in eating and sleeping pattern, low energy, irritability and tiredness. So, the provision of maternal health care practices is essential to decline and postpartum depression related problems. The maternal poor health status and inadequate health facilities are a great challenge for government, health practitioners, policy makers, NGOs and researchers.