PASTEL Analysis of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises After Covid-19 in India

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are major sector in Indian economy in relation with GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Export and Employment generation for the country. According to Ministry of Statistic and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), the share of MSME for Gross Value Added (GVA) in total GVA during the year 2016-17 was 31.8% which is considered as significant contribution to economy. As per Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS) the portion of MSME related products in total export from India during 2018-19 was 48.10% with this it is indicated most important sector for economy but after declaration of lockdown due to Covid-19 that lead to major impact on MSME sector. In this study researcher try to identify the PESTEL Environment after Covid-19 and ATMA-NIRBHAR BHARAT Abhiyan initiated by Indian Government on 12th May 2020. The major finding of the study indicated major decision are taken by government of India and Atma-Nirbhar Bharta Abhiyan give boost to MSMEs in future and widely increases number of MSMEs. In India movement also started Vocal for Local that lead to strengthen MSMEs in future.

Taxonomic Studies of Freshwater Algae from North-East Punjab, Pakistan

Two hundred and sixty nine species of algae belonging to six phyla, two classes, fifteen orders, thirty three families and seventy five genera have been collected from various freshwater habitats of Pakistan from Gujranwala, Gujrat, Narowal and Sialkot in the province of Punjab, during March 2013 to August 2015. All species have been morphologically and cytologically investigated. All were taxonomically identified and described on the basis of their characteristics according to the recently proposed classification (Shameel, 2001, 2012). From the taxonomic studies of algae from North-east Punjab, Phylum Cyanophycota observed with twenty eight genera and 120 species in two orders that were found to be more prevalent in algal diversity (45.60%) than the phylum Bacillariophyota, which included eighteen genera and forty species in two orders and thus was smaller phylum (14.87%) in algal diversities than Cyanophycota diversity. The result of that Nostocophyceae (31.59%) observed most highly distributed class with single order Nostocales and 6 families with 19 genera and 85 species as compare to the other Cyanophyota class chroocophyceae (13.02%) with 09 genera and 35 species (Table 1). Phylum Volvocophycota revealed with thirteen genera and forty three species in three orders with 15.85% than the phylum Euglenophycota, which included four genera and twenty three species in one order with 8.55% taxonomic distribution in north-east, Punjab, Pakistan. Whereas Phylum Chlorophycota revealed with eleven genera and twenty six species in six orders with 13.38% than the Phylum Vaucheriophycota that included 2 genera and seven species in two orders (Table 2). Great proportion of Cyanophycota (45.60%) was made from north-east Punjab, Pakistan where Phylum Volvocophycota shown 15.98% of algal distribution. It was followed by phylum Bacillariophycota (14.87%), Phylum Chlorophycota (13.38%), Phylum Euglenophycota (8.55%) and Phylum Vaucheriophycota (2.60%) respectively.