جالبؔ میں اور جیل جپھہ
(دوسری قسط)
انسان ماں کی گود سے گور تک سیکھنے کے عمل سے گزر تا ہے ۔ویسے بھی یو نیورسٹی کا طالبعلم تھا اور زندگی مطالعے کے بجائے مشاہدے میں گزرگئی ۔ضیاء الحق کے دور میں عدالتوں کے اختیارات معطل تھے اور تمام سیاسی قیدی فوجی حکمرانوں کے حکم کے پابند تھے ۔
جنرل جیلانی پنجاب کا گورنر تھا اور اسمبلی حال مارشل لاء ہیڈ کواٹر تھا جو اس وقت کے چیف آف سٹاف ٹو گورنر پنجاب کے کنٹرول میں تھا وہاں سے نظر بندیوں کے حکم جا ری ہو تے تھے ۔جس کی مدت تین ماہ ہو تی اور اس کی مدت ختم ہونے سے پہلے ہی اگلے تین ماہ کا حکم نامہ جا ری کر دیا جاتا۔محمد علی ایکٹر کو ڈسٹرکٹ جیل جھنگ منتقل کر دیا گیا اور سب پر ایسے گزری کہ جیسے خاندان کو ئی فرد بچھڑ رہا ہو ۔
جیل میں شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹوکی برسی منائی گئی اور یکم مئی پر بھی ایک تقریب کا انعقاد کیا گیا طوالت کے خوف سے تفصیل نہیں لکھ رہا تین ماہ پورے ہوئے تو اگلے تین ماہ کی نظر بندی کا پروانہ آگیا ۔کچھ وقت گزرنے کے بعد جیل کے حکام کی طرف سے پیغام ملا کہ پیچھے سے حکم ہے کہ جو شخص معافی نامہ اور نیک چلنی کی ضمانت دے گا وہ جیل سے رہا ہو سکتا ہے ۔
جیل کے لان میں تمام نظر بند قیدیوںکی میٹنگ ہوئی ملک محمد حسین ایڈوکیٹ اور دوسرے جیل کے ساتھیوں نے احتجاج کیا کہ ان کی شرائط پر کوئی رہائی حاصل نہیں کرے گا ۔جسٹس سعید حسین اپنے مزاج کے انسان تھے انہوں نے اختلاف کیا اور پنجابی میں کہا
Medical journals are a credible source of disseminating research and innovations, and Launching a medical journal is a challenging task. Many medical science journals are establishing a platform to publish quality research but still the task is tough and requires perseverance and hard work. Shalamar Medical and Dental College (SMDC) Lahore, strives to promote a culture of research. As part of this initiative, SMDC had launched ‘Medical Journal of Sakina Begum Institute’, but publication of the second volume was delayed due to the pandemic. Moreover, the name of the journal had to be changed due to some administrative issues. However, the committed editorial team was successful in bringing efforts for the latest issue to fruition.
Geographical Information System (GIS) is an emerging field of Environmental Science. Today with the rapid population growth and demand for more developments, the environmental issues are growing and resulting in more diversifying environmental problems especially pollution. This research reveals the importance of the spatial module of information which is a measure of the pollution data. In the present study, data of three years were managed, processed, evaluated and visualized by GIS and raster calculations. The results revealed the possible spatial relationship within environmental parameters and pollution. This thesis describes the broad range of geo-spatial modeling as well as some defies related to it. The objectives of the present study were to identify the spatial gradient pattern and distribution trend of fluoride pollution and its effect on the crops (wheat and maize) in vicinity of brick kilns (source of fluoride pollution) using geo-spatial and geo-statistical techniques. Besides statistical techniques were also employed to observe the distributional pattern using centrographic technique, identified the hotspots, the risk of pollution for nearby areas based on weighting distance interpolation technique and Kriging approach for more accurate estimation. Total 93 kilns were identified in Islamabad and three Tehsils of Rawalpindi, where wheat and maize crops were cultivated in the fields around the kilns. The sample number of plants and soil was 251 and 144 for summer and winter season respectively. More significant leaf injury to maize crop was observed in the summer compared to the wheat crop in winter. This observation was supported by Vegetation Index (VI), calculated by raster calculator. The results of chemical analysis indicated that fluoride concentrations (6.8 ppm, 14.3 ppm, 13.6 ppm, 13.9 ppm) were observed in the wheat plant samples of Jhangi syedan, Chakri, GT road, Mohra and maximum fluoride concentration (29.6 ppm, 29.45 ppm, 29.71 ppm, 29.41 ppm) was observed during the summer in maize plant samples of Bhatta road, Gurha, Dhok Niazu and Dhok Gujran in the year 2017. However, fluoride concentration in samples varied according to the spatial location with climatic condition. A dataset of Islamabad, Tehsil Rawalpindi, and Tehsil Gujarkhan showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation and clustering pattern, while no significant spatial correlation was found in the data set of Kallar syedan, but still significant hotspots were identified. A majority of hotspot for fluoride pollution was identified in the maize fields of Rawalpindi and Gujarkhan, in all study years. Furthermore, semivariogram based Kriging model indicated Islamabad, Northwest Rawalpindi, East Gujarkhan more at risk of fluoride pollution. Inverse distance weighting and Kriging Model also exhibited that effect on plants and soil gets reduced with increasing distance from the kiln. But the extent of the effect was only shown by the Ordinary Kriging Model. Climatic data marked temporal effect of fluoride variation in study areas during the study period. It was observed that high precipitation resulted into negligible fluoride effect and concentration, whereas less and no precipitation resulted into more fluoride effect and concentration. Similarly, positive correlation was found between temperature and fluoride pollution and effect. The effect of pollution was greater along distance at high temperature and effectively reduced by the distance in lesser temperature. It was necessary to screen out the current status of existing kilns and to evaluate the effect on nearby environmental parameters. Accordingly, this research highlighted the effect of fluoride pollution release from the kilns to soil and crops and revealed the spatial distribution pattern and extent of pollution using modeling technique.