چاک سے اُتری خاک
ابھی آنکھوں کے دریچے کم سن اور عقل کے جگنوئوں کی روشنی مدھم تھی ،جب دل کی تاریک گلیوں سے یہ خیال اکثر کسی انجان مسافرکی طرح گزرتا کہ یہ بھٹکے ہوئے لفظوں کے سوداگریونہی کہنہ کتابوں کا بوجھ اٹھائے پھرتے ہیں ۔ان کی سطریں طلسمی افسانوں کے سوا کچھ نہیں ۔ان کی باتیں فریب کی واضح دلیلوں کے سوا کچھ نہیں ۔بھلا لفظوں کے لمس سے کسے شفا ملی ہے ؟بھلا جملوں کی تپش سے کب پتھر پگھلے ہیں ؟مگر اک روز میں اداس شام کے غمزدہ حجرے میںجونؔ کے صحیفہ’’شاید‘‘ میں موجودغزل(نیا اک رشتہ پیدا کیوں کریں ہم) کے ابتدائی اشعار کی قرأت میں منہمک تھا تو مقدس پردوں میں لپٹی ، پہلی معصوم آیت نے مجھ پر کھلتے ہوئے گواہی دی’’یہ خدا کے چنیدہ لوگ ہیں‘‘۔
دوستی جو کبھی محبت کے مہکتے پھولوں کا جزیرہ ہوتی تھی ۔ا ب د لکش مگر آتشی سانپوں کا جنگل بن چکی ہے ۔میں چاہتا تو لفظوں کی بین کے زور پر منتروں سے جکڑی پٹاری میں انھیں قید کر سکتا تھا لیکن دانستاً ایسا نہیں کیا۔یہ یونہی چاہت کا ملاوٹی دودھ پی کرنیلی رگوں میں زہر اتارتے رہیں۔میں نہیں چاہتا تھا یہ سانپ جن کی مفادی آستینوں میں پل رہے ہیں وہ میرے چاکِ گریباںکو اور تار تار کریں ۔
میں اکثر سوچتا اگر خدا نے یہ جدید حرف گر(ن۔م راشدؔ ،مجید امجدؔ،میرؔا جی )نہ بھیجے ہوتے،تو میرے لیے بھٹکنا کتنا آسان تھا۔میرے بہت سے ژولیدہ خیالات اور کومل جذبات الفاظ کا پیراہن زیب تن کیے بنا غزل کی روایتی گلیوں میں سراسیمگی اوڑھے دربدر کی ٹھوکریں کھاتے یا پھر کسی روز دل و دماغ کی کسی کنج میں لاوارث لاش کی طرح پائے جاتے۔
Islam always emphasizes to use legal ways and means of earning. In contrary the legal and illegal sources of income have been explained in detail. The “Right of invention” is one of the most discussed issues among the Islamic Jurists. This right is related to the intellectual skills and capabilities of people. However, internationally intellectual property is a known concept that associates with right of publication, right of trademark, patent and right of goodwill et cetera. However, research must be conducted on inquiring rights of intellectual property in Islamic Sharia and comparison of these rights with those in Western laws. In this paper the historical review of the intellectual properly has been presented. Similarly, those various types and concerned ruling have been discussed in contrast with the Islamic and western law on descriptive research methods.
Biomarkers have traditionally been used in clinical practice in order to support a diagnosis, or monitoring the progression of a disease by measuring their concentrations in serum. These serum biomarkers are often proteins, enzymes or hormones. They may be tumor specific while others are present in normal tissues but are produced at high concentration in cancer patients. Four biomarkers i.e. S100B, p53, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Creatine Kinase (CK) are included in this study. S100B is an EF-hand calcium binding protein family with increased intracellular and serum levels of the protein in a range of human tumors. P53 is a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in protecting the cell from malignant proliferation by inducing growth arrest or apoptosis. This function of p53 is lost, if its gene is mutated and consequently malignant transformation of cell may occur. Recent studies have shown that S100B protein can bind to P53, suppressing p53-dependent transcription of target genes including HDM2, P21 and c-BCL2 thus affecting a range of functions. S100B is primarily found in neuronal tissue and has been proposed as a neuro pathological biomarker with a similar impact as CRP which is an acute-phase reactant and indicator of underlying systemic inflammation. CK is a well defined marker for muscular damage which is released into the serum following muscle damage. The present study aimed to examine the role of these biomarkers in serum of patients with brain tumors including meningioma, glioma, pituitary tumor, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, lymphoma, acoustic neuroma and orbital neuroblastoma. Their 15concentrations in the serum of these patients were measured before and after brain tumor surgery. S100B levels were significantly increased in serum of patients with brain tumors than in healthy individuals. Significantly high levels of S100B were observed in all postoperative patients than preoperative patients with brain tumor. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between the levels of p53 and CRP in serum of normal healthy individuals and preoperative patients. In all postoperative patients the levels of serum CRP and p53 were increased significantly as compared with preoperative serum samples. CK concentrations were significantly lowered in preoperative patients than in normal healthy individuals. There was no significant correlation found between these biomarkers in the patients both pre- and post operative periods except on postoperative Day 1 where significant positive correlation between S100B and CRP proteins was observed. These findings suggest that these biomarkers may be considered as independent risk factors. However, these findings warrant further studies to investigate the potential role and relevance of these biomarkers to the disease process and prognosis.