دھب میںڈھابہ ہوٹل
شرم الشیخ سے پچاس میل کی مسافت پر دھب نامی قصبہ پر ہمار ی گاڑی چائے کے ایک ریستوران پر رکی ۔یہاں پاکستانی ٹرک ڈرائیور ہوٹل جیسا ماحول تھا ۔گاڑی میں موجود مصری خواتین نے اپنے بڑے بڑے پرس کھولے تو مجھے حیرت ہوئی کہ ان پرسوں میں توشۂ خوراک یعنی پنیر ،ڈبل روٹی ،بسکٹ ،سیب ،مالٹے ،کھجور اور پانی کی بوتل تک سارا انتظام مکمل تھا ۔مجھے اس انتظام و انصرام سے زیادہ خواتین کی فیاضی نے بہت متاثر کیا ۔ سب نے ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ اپنے توشے شریک کیے ،باوجود اس کے کہ سب کے پاس یہی چیزیں خود بھی موجود تھیں ۔سوڈان کے دکتوریحیٰ اور میرے پاس ان اشیا ء میں سے کوئی چیز نہ تھی ۔اس لیے سب نے ہمیں نوازنا شروع کر دیا اور آخر میں ہم دونوں کے پاس خوراک کا ذخیرہ ان سے بھی زیادہ ہو گیا ۔میں نے دکتورہ بسنت کو کہا کہ پاکستانی خواتین کے پرس اس سے بھی بڑے ہوتے ہیں مگر وہ پائوڈر ،کریم سے لیس ہوتے ہیں ۔ اس نے ہنس کر کہا وہ چیزیں ہمارے پاس بھی ہوتی ہیں مگر الگ پرس میں ۔ہوٹل میں مختلف قسم کے بسکٹ کے ساتھ نفیس پیکنگ میں ایک چیز بند تھی ،میں نے اس کے بارے میں دکتورہ شائمہ سے پوچھا کہ یہ کیا ہے ؟انھوں نے کہا ’’خشک روٹی ‘‘میں پوچھا یہ بھی یہاں فروخت ہوتی ہے ۔اس نے بڑے اعتماد سے کہا کہ ہاں بالکل اور لوگ یہاں اس کو بڑے شوق سے کھاتے ہیں۔ ہوٹل کے عقب میں بیری کے دو تین درخت تھے جن پر پھل پک چکے تھے ،میں نے توڑ کر کھائے تو محسوس ہوا کہ تپتے صحرا نے ان کو پکانے اوررات کی چاندنی نے ان کو میٹھا بنانے میں کوئی کسر نہیں...
Developmental projects are essential ingredients of prosperity and well-being. Every nation has to ensure that her people are living in a perfect and safe sociopolitical environment. However, it varies from region to region and place to place. UK as a country is a big economy which is capable of giving its people the type of security they need. For this purpose, various types of strategies have been emphasized which enable the government to look for the benefit of its people. Open data system is one of these important developments which have been initiated by the UK government to provide huge access to databases. It improves their learning and knowledge, and gives the opportunity to think ‘out of box’. It also enables people to polish their learning skills and take things out of their resources and utilize them fully. Although, there is some compulsion on the use of private data sources, yet it is necessary to know that not all data are confidential. The research looks into the pros and cons of using open data systems and to assess its impacts on the social and political development in UK. The use of open data system is not only beneficial for the people to perform their daily life tasks, it is important to evade corruption and foster great accountability of national institutions. So, there remains feeble chance of witnessing corruption in the society that could cause chaos in the nation. The use of open data systems is important for boosting up innovation and creativity for a developing country like Pakistan. Open data system has been seen playing a big part in establishing a trend of innovative growth pushed by the availability of these resources. The influence and impact of ‘Open Data’ has largely been observed during the recent Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) where the government has utilized the data to tackle the disease in Pakistan.
This research work consists of synthesis of various thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and screening of their biological activities. All compounds were fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EIMS/FABMS. Melting points of all compounds were also recorded. This dissertation consists of two chapters based on the extensive literature and research findings regarding the four libraries of synthetic compounds. Each chapter has its own compounds numbering, tables, figures, schemes, and references. Chapter-1 deals with general introduction of thiosemicarbazides, their previous synthetic strategies, and their biological activites. It also describes general introduction of biological activities and their bioassays. It is comprised of the synthesis of various derivatives of 4chlorophenyl substituted thiosemicarbazides 33-57 (Part A), and nicotinic/isonicotinic substituted thiosemicarbazides 60-84 (Part B) and their in vitro activities against urease, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes. Compounds 35, 42, 46, 49, 61, 67, 77, and 79 were new derivatives while rest of the compounds were previously known. Except few all synthetic compounds showed superior activity than the standard thiourea. Compound 57 was sixty six fold, compound 42 was nineteen fold, compounds 35, 38, 52 were about ten fold and compounds 69 and 81 were eighteen fold more potent than the standard thiourea. Some synthetic thiosemicarbazides showed weak activity against αglucosidase enzyme while showed no activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Chapter-2 deals with general introduction to 1,2,4-triazole, their previous synthetic strategies, and their biological activites. It is also composed of the synthesis of various analogues of 4-chlorophenyl substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 156-180 (Part A), and synthesis of thioether derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles 181-192 (Part B) by four steps reaction and their in vitro activities against urease, α-glucosidase, and AChE enzymes. Compounds 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, and 169-173 were new derivatives, while rest of the compounds were previously reported by others. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives 156-180 showed good to excellent urease inhibitory activities. Compounds 156, 163, 166, and 176 were more potent compounds, particularly, compound 176 showed 28-fold more potent activity than the standard thiourea. Compounds 156, 162, 163, 166, 175, and 179 exhibited weak αglucosidase inhibitory activity, while 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 156-180 showed no activity against AChE enzyme. Thioether derivatives 181-192 showed a weak inhibitory activity against urease enzyme, while good to weak inhibitory activity against α glucosidase enzyme, particularly, thioether derivatives 182 and 185 were found to be the more potent than the standard acarbose. All 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 156-180 showed no activity, while thioether derivatives 181-192 showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme.