پروفیسر محمد رضوان علوی
پروفیسر ڈاکٹر حافظ محمد رضوان علوی چند روز کی شدید علالت کے بعد ۲۰؍ جنوری کو لکھنو میں انتقال کرگئے، ان کا آبائی وطن کاکوری تھا جو ضلع لکھنو کا ایک مردم خیز قصبہ ہے۔ کاکوری کا علوی خاندان علمی، دینی اور ادبی حیثیت کے ساتھ ہی دنیاوی وجاہت میں بھی ممتاز تھا، یہاں بہت سے اہل علم و کمال پیدا ہوئے۔ اردو کے مشہور نعت گو شاعر محسن کاکوروی اور مولوی نورالحسن نیر صاحب نورالغات اسی آسمان کے مہروماہ تھے۔
پروفیسر محمد رضوان علوی کے والد ماجد مولانا مصطفےٰ حسن علوی فاضل دیوبند تھے۔ ان کا علمی و ادبی ذوق بھی پختہ تھا۔ وہ اردو کے مصنف و شاعر اور لکھنو یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ عربی کے صدر تھے، رضوان صاحب بھی تعلیم مکمل کرنے کے بعد پہلے یہیں شعبہ عربی میں لکچرر اور پھر مدت مدید تک صدر شعبہ رہے۔ ان کے زمانے میں شعبہ نے بڑی ترقی کی اور کئی نئے کورس کا اضافہ بھی ہوا۔
رضوان صاحب یونیورسٹی کے اچھے اور کامیاب استاد تھے، انہیں طلبہ کی صحیح رہنمائی کرنے، ان میں علمی مذاق پیدا کرنے اور ان کی صلاحیتوں کو نشوونما دینے سے بڑی دلچسپی تھی۔ شوقین اور ذہین طلبہ کی خاص طور پر ہمت افزائی کرتے، ان کی نگرانی میں درجنوں طلبہ نے پی۔ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری حاصل کی۔
ان کو درس و تدریس کے ساتھ تحریر و تصنیف کا بھی ملکہ تھا، اردو عربی اور انگریزی تینوں زبانوں پر قدرت تھی۔ ان کی کتابوں میں ’’علوم و فنون عہد عباسی میں‘‘ اور ’’دمشق اسلامی تہذیب کا گہوارہ‘‘ مقبول ہوئیں۔ ان کی علمی خدمات کی بنا پر صدر جمہوریہ ہند نے انہیں توصیفی سند بھی عطا کی تھی۔
لکھنو کی علمی، تعلیمی اور ادبی سرگرمیوں سے بھی سروکار رکھتے تھے۔ ان میں علمی و انتظامی دونوں طرح...
Humans have always had the curiosity to know themselves, to know the world around them, and to know their place in the world. Morality, spirituality and religion are closely intertwined, ‘certain moral ideas became united with certain religious and spiritual ideas to such an extent as to become indistinct from them’. The role of religion in educational institutions is one of the most sensitive and volatile topics on the political and legal landscape now a days especially in country like Pakistan which has been created on religious ideology. The Islamic Way of Life is based on this unique approach to life and a peculiar concept of man's place in the Universe. Islam has provided mankind with the highest possible standard of morality. This moral code, which is both straightforward and practical, provides the individual with innumerable ways to embark upon and then continues the path of moral evolution. By making divine revelation the primary source of knowledge, moral standards are made permanent and stable. The first part of the paper is about the relationship between education and its role as spiritual and moral tool of training. Second part deals with the concept of education in Islam and third part will present types of knowledge in Islam and their application as moral and spiritual tool of education. Last part will give moral and spiritual training methodology in Islamic education. The relationships between ‘moral’, ‘spiritual’ and ‘religious’ seem to be akin to the relationships between the cluster ‘social’, ‘human’ and ‘political’. In each of these clusters, only beings of the kind appropriately described by the middle term can engage in activities which could be properly described by the first and third terms. Islam as religion of spirituality and morality gives a frame work to educate and train the students in modeling their life as more moral and spiritual with practical application in this life and success in the hereafter. The chief characteristic of the Islamic Concept of Life is that it does not admit a conflict, nay, not even a significant separation between life-spiritual and life-mundane. It does not confine itself merely in purifying the spiritual and the moral life of man in the limited sense of the word. Its domain extends to the entire gamut of life. It wants to would individual life as well as the social order in healthy patterns, so that the Kingdom of God may really be established on the earth and so that peace contentment and well-being may fill the world as water f ills the oceans.
Salinity is one of the major soil problems that limits the crop growth and productivity to great extent. Increased amount of soluble salts cause osmotic stress and excessive sodium (Na+) leads to sodicity that deteriorate the soil structure and cause toxicity to plants. Potassium (K+) is an important macronutrient essential for enzyme activation, osmoregulation and charge balance in the plant cell. Higher concentration of Na+ in nutrient medium decreases K+ uptake and increases Na+ uptake by plants. Therefore under sodic or saline-sodic conditions K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue is decreased affecting enzyme activities, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and other metabolic activities. Elevated K-fertilization under Na+ stress may improve the K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue improving plant metabolism under saline-sodic condition. Na+-K+ interaction in saline- sodic soils was studied in light and heavy textured soils. Different levels of Na+ stress was applied to developed higher SAR of the soil using NaCl. Na+-K+ dynamics was compared with naturally salt affected soils at elevated K-fertilization. Effect of elevated K- fertilization on wheat crop growth, distribution of Na+ and K+ in different parts of the plants, subcellular Na+-K+ homeostasis of wheat under Na+ stress and proteome stability was determined in soil and hydroponic studies. Plant growth, physiological and chemical attributes, yield was significantly reduced under salt stress while application of elevated potassium fertilization improved growth and yield parameters. Application of elevated K fertilization mitigate osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress under saline condition improving subcellular K+/Na+ ratio. Elevated potassium fertilization improved proteome stability under salt stress decreasing the change in number of proteins changed by salt stress. This study suggest that K application could enhance wheat growth and yield by mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress to a certain level at specific condition.