الأصول الجامعة بين كبرى الفرق الإسلامية

The Muslim nation shows great diversity in many ways: Ethnical, lingual, tribal, racial, colour, cultural, etc. Nevertheless, such differences have never been supposed to impede their way to their unity. The Muslim nation has far more reasons and mutual foundations to be united. But unfortunately, the Muslim history witnesses squabbles and skirmishes between different sects of this otherwise one Ummah. These disputes led us to the recesses of ignorance and intolerance, which in turn left us lagging behind the world and advancement, and now, we are called the third world, which is not an honour any way. We need to work on the similarities between different sects of the Muslim nation and let them learn how to live together keeping their differences. So that they may get united. All the Muslims sects fundamentally believe in the same set of beliefs, practices, and rituals. The differences in these areas are the differences of diversity and extensions, not of contradiction. This diversity is the beauty of deliberation and discussion, hence a reason for knowledge to grow, it should not be a matter of contentions. We need to highlight the mutual common grounds of Islamic beliefs and religiosity among the sects to unite this nation. We need to teach how to tolerate and respect each other with difference of opinions. We should encourage constructive dialogues between the Muslims sects and let them understand point of views of each other and thus remove the misconception about; each other. We should curb the contentious and discordant voices and build up an atmosphere where a healthy, tolerant and heterogeneous society may emerge and pave the way to Muslim unity and thence to success in this life and the life to come after death. In this perspective, the author of his present study explores to find the teachings and guidance of Islam. This is the theme of the present study.

Computer Simulation of Deformation Behaviour of Metals at Low Temperature

Reviewing the previous theories and models developed for dislocation/dislocations interactions, the relation for the creep rate is modified for low temperatures suggesting that the behaviour of stress relaxation rate is logarithmic in nature. A self-consistent stress relaxation model is discovered for the accurate measurement of activation energy in relaxation rate processes. A single barrier stochastic model of low temperature creep is developed defining dynamic recovery processes; shape of the dislocation is obtained by force balance equation, then using computer model the average dislocation velocity is cal¬ culated showing that it never becomes zero. A new force balance equation is used. The dislocations move by forming bulge, and unzipping tendency increases as the strength of the barrier increases contradict Foreman and Makin model (68); the average velocity of dislocations increases with the increase in the size of the array, but for small size the average velocity for each array will be different except where it is constant. Also the dislocations after covering a short distance reach a steady state velocity due to coupling effect between strong and weak barriers. Similarly the dislocation jump approaches an average or steady state velocity after travelling two or three times the insert distances. The deformation on slip plane is contro¬ lled by the rate of motion of the pileup nearly equal to velocity of sound.