جناب شیخ احمد علی شوقؔ
نہایت افسوس ہے کہ کہنہ ادیب و شاعر شیخ احمد علی صاحب متخلص بہ شوق نے ۲۷؍ اپریل کو گونڈہ میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم ۱۸۸۲ء اور ۱۸۹۰ء کے درمیان لکھنؤ سے ’’آزاد‘‘ نام کا اخبارنکالتے تھے، جو اس عہد کے معزز و مشہور اخباروں میں تھا اور اس زمانہ کے ادباء کا مظہر خیال تھا اور سرسید کی تحریکات سے کافی ہمدردی رکھتا تھا، کئی چھوٹی چھوٹی مثنویوں کے بھی وہ مصنف تھے، اسیرؔ مرحوم کے وہ شاگرد تھے اور غالباً وہ اس خانوادۂ تربیت کی آخری یادگار باقی تھے، انہیں کے عہد میں اردو کی نئی شاعری کا آغاز ہوا، مرحوم ان قدیم شعراء میں تھے، جنہوں نے اس نئے رنگ کے قبول کرنے میں جھجک نہیں کی۔
ترانۂ شوق کے علاوہ ان کی غالباً آخری مطبوعہ مثنوی عالم خیال کے چار رخ اردو شاعری میں ایک نئی چیز ہے، کاش ان کے احباب و اعزہ ان کے کلام کا مجموعہ شائع کرکے انکی روحانی یادگاروں کو زندہ رکھ سکیں۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۲۵ء)
It is estimated by studying the history that the imagination of life was limited before the appearance of Islam. A new era started after the arrival of Islam. Revolution came in thoughts and ideas. Every department was effected even poetry, literature and language pleasantly effected. A revolution created in the Arabic literature after the revelation of the Holy Quran even it taught the rituals of representation of emotions along with facial and spiritual beauty to the Arabic literature. Arabic language is full of knowledge and thoughts of whole world today and the axis of Arabic language and literature is the Holy Quran. The resources of ignorant literature which we get today was collected to save and understand the language of the Holy Quran. For example to eliminate the linguistic flaws, grammar science came into being and rhetoric science came into being to prove Quranic miracle and language and literature came into being to explain the poor words, and Hadith, tafseer, fiqah and other sciences came into being for religious laws. The Holy Quran changed the direction of literature towards justice, service to humanity and support of right and truth and chastity and modesty and God-worship. It gave appropriate dignified styles to explain every topic and invited to work by using reasons and thoughts. Arabic language is effected by the Holy Quran in such a way that it softened the hard and ruthless hearts of Arabs and made the surface wisdom heavy and solid by entering in it. Could not get effected by Holy Quran as the level which prose got benefit. The prose got more shine in the time of Khulafa-e-rashidin when victories increased, boundaries of Islamic state expanded and political and developmental issues increased. It is a fact that Arabic prose got too high as compared to the Arabic poetry due to the Holy Quran.
Phonological Problems, Faced by Sindhi Speaking Students (In Speaking English) at College Level in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh It is generally conceded that one kind of interference behavior, phoneme substitution, occurs when a learner unconsciously identifies or categorizes as L2 sound as being the same as a particular L1 sound (even though it differs from the L1 sound in the perceptions of native speakers of the L2). So it is natural for phonological differences to exist in the pronunciation of a second language speaker and a native speaker of the same language. Thus phonological problems of the Sindhi speaking students in speaking English are obvious. Close observation of the students enthused the researcher to find out the difference of the SSS in pronunciation in speaking English from Received Pronunciation (RP) and the factors involved in the deviation. To find out and record ‘deviation’ of the Sindhi speaking students’ pronunciation of the English language from the Standard English sounds, the respondents were asked to read out common words, short paragraphs and a page of dialogues and their reading was recorded in audiocassettes. Later on the recording of the respondents was heard along with the supervisor very carefully and was written in transcription and analyzed. The result shows that the articulation of almost all the students was similar in English pronunciation (sounds), accent and intonation. The factors: interference of mother tongue, age, society, culture, and standard of education involve in the phonological problems. Besides the recording, a questionnaire consisting of eight questions was given to the SSS to fill up. Later on answers of the questions were analyzed and incorporated in the thesis.