Theological Foundations for Interfaith Dialogue in Islam

According to Qur’an, the difference of opinion among peoples of the world is natural and something that will always be there. However, in order to stop the difference from becoming a conflict, people should hold dialogue. The significance of dialogue in Islam is well understood by the fact that God chose to hold dialogue with angels concerning the creation of man. Furthermore, the Qur’an declares dialogue the greater jihad and arrangement of a successful dialogue is considered as a manifest victory In order to arrange a successful dialogue, Qur’an lays out a number of principles: 1- Dialogue should be held in such a nice way that it may lead the opponent to get a close friend. For this it is necessary to speak mildly and the dialogue must be based on wisdom and sincerity. 2- Dialogue should rest on the principle of mutual respect and should not contain any kind of abusive and taunting language. 3- Dialogue must not override the principle of justice and equality and must not be affected by the past experiences or personal grievances towards the opponent. 4- Dialogue should not address the issue of pulling everyone together, e.g. The opponent (for example a nation) should not be blamed for the evil deeds of few. 5- Dialogue should be held with an attitude that is characterized by patience and tolerance and efforts must be made to keep the vicious elements out from harming the process. 6- Both parties should openly acknowledge and recognize the mutually positive attributes. 7- Imposing one’s opinions upon the opponent must not be the objective of dialogue. 8- Both parties should, despite the inherent difference of opinion, pursue to find practical solutions by striving towards finding a common ground.

Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case of Police Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The aim of the study was to investigate whether organizational justice, job satisfaction and affective commitment are the important determinants of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in KP Police and to check whether the relationship of organizational justice and OCB is mediated in serial by job satisfaction and affective commitment. Multi stage cluster sampling technique which is a type of probability sampling was employed and eight police stations were finally selected and considered as clusters. Questionnaires were distributed among all the available 386 policemen working in these eight police stations. 300 dully filled questionnaires were received making an active response rate of 78%. SPSS and PROCESS softwares were used data. The results of the study confirm previous findings that organizational justice, job satisfaction and affective commitment are related to OCB however, the relationship between organizational justice and OCB is partially mediated by job satisfaction and affective commitment in serial.The study found KP Policemen highly dissatisfied with the extrinsic factors such as duty hours, and working conditions, etc. In order to promote OCB among KP Policemen, concrete steps shall be taken to improve working conditions and justice perceptions among KP Police.