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Molecular Genetic Studies of Diabetic Subjects

Thesis Info

Author

Mehboob Islam

Supervisor

Fazli Rabbi Awan

Department

National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (Nibge) , QAU

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xvii,

Subject

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss / PH.D / BIO / 4578

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676716965727

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بہت رلاتا ہے

بہت رُلاتا ہے
گلابی رت میں!
فرشتوں کے ساتھ پرندے بھی چلے آتے ہیں
ستاروں سے ناہید،مندروں سے درگاہ۔۔۔!
خوشبو سے خمار ،تبسم سے فسوں نکل آتے ہیں
عہد شباب اور مفاہیم حکمت کے بیچ!
وفا ئیل ؑ، سرائیل ؑاور شمکائیلؑ۔۔۔!
شبنم سے وضو کرتے ہوئے۔۔۔طاق چاندنی راتوں کی قسم کھاتے ہیں
درد ائیل کے رو برو۔۔۔!
سرخ سبز عشق کا نقیب۔۔۔!
توراتِ فسوں والانجیل کا حافظ۔۔۔!
ارغوانی لہجے میں اصحاب جمال کی آیتیں پڑھتے ہوئے!
شہر عشق میں بجتی دف کے ساتھ !
مندروں میں رقص کرتی داسیاں دکھاتے ہوئے!
قم، رے اور سامرہ کی داستاں سناتا ہے۔۔۔بہت رُلاتا ہے

 

جن حویلیوں میں۔۔۔!
چاندنی درود سلام پڑھتے ہوئے۔۔۔دالانوں تک چلی آتی ہے
بہار میں سوسن و نسترن۔۔۔گلاب کیساتھ کھیلتے ہوئے!
وارثِ اسرار کا صحیفہ پڑھتے ہوئے!
سطوط اقرار و جمالیات کا قصہ سناتی ہیں
انہی حویلیوں میں !
دلفریب دھڑکنوں کے مرسلیں کا چراغ روشن کرتے ہوئے!
سرخ سبز عشق کا نقیب۔۔۔!
توراتِ فسوں والانجیل کا حافظ۔۔۔!
عذرا، ماریہ، فاریہ کا صحیفہ ہجر سناتا ہے۔۔۔بہت رلاتا ہے

انگلی کی پرکار سے۔۔۔!
فلک کی جالیوں سے لگ کر رونے والی تک!
تورات فسوں والانجیل کا حافظ۔۔۔!
سرخ سبز عشق کا نقیب۔۔۔!
محبتوں، چاہتوں کا دائرہ کھینچتا ہے
پھر بزم جمال کی دلفریب دھڑکنوں کے ساتھ تفسیر کرتے ہوئے!
شاہ بلوط کے سائے میں۔۔۔چنار وصنوبرکی سبز شاخیں لاتے ہوئے!
گزری بہار کی پوٹلی کھول کر!
سوکھی زعفرانی پتیاں دکھاتا ہے۔۔۔بہت رُلاتا ہے

وہ جب بھی تنہائی کی وادیوں میں!
یادوں کو جھنجھوڑتے ہوئے۔۔۔جنوں کو بوتے ہوئے!
حسن گلاب کے سینے میں!
شبنمی چاندنی کے خوابوں کا طلسم بن کے سماتا ہے
پھر توراتِ فسوں والانجیل کا حافظ بن کر!
ایلاف وفا کی قسمیں کھاتے ہوئے!
آوران کے محلے سے نکل کر!
حلب کی گلیوں۔۔۔دمشق کے بازاروں میں چلا آتا ہے
وہ آہو...

حضرت محمد ﷺ کے معاشرتی رویے اور ان کے نفسیاتی اثرات

The social life of an individual is reflected in his behaviors and attitudes. These attitudes are the bedrock of our social life and determine our thinking and actions. These attitudes Colors our thinking in positive or negative way. The life and biography (See’rah) of the Holy Prophet (saw) serves as a model for us to fashion our behaviors. The enlightened teachings of the Holy Prophet (saw) established a balanced relations ship between individual and social development. This essay analysis patterns of social behaviors in the light of the See’rah Holy Prophet (saw).

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Colicin/Microcin Producing Probiotic Escherichia Coli and its Therapeutic Utility Against Selected Gram Negative Pathogens

Probiotics are living microbial adjuncts which has valuable effects on host body incuding improved food digestion, enhancing host‟s immune responses, modification of host associated microbial community and thus, improving the overall ambient environment. Since increase in multidrug resistance pathogens makes the standard treatments in-effective, probiotic have been developed sccessfully as alternate therapeutic drugs in recent era. Commercialized synthetic drugs (e.g. sulfa drugs) have also been interlinked with severe side effects to the hosts which have ultimately lemmatized their use. Bacteriocin (peptide antimicrobial) producing bacteria that can competitively exclude pathogens in the host, is an emrging approach towards novel therapeutics. These defensive proteins are released by 95% of bacterial species in their natural habitat to compete with one another for food and space. Purified bacteriocins of Lactobactericeae (lantibiotics) have been commercialized as prebiotics after successful experiments in laboratory animal. Bacteriocins of Gram negative bacteria (colicins and microcins) are also able to competitively exclude closely related bacterial species when fed to model organism and livestock. The current study was carried out to isolate commensal Gram negative strains that can hinder the growth of common pathogens by producing colicins and microcins against them. Commensal E.coli strains from cattle, sheep and humans were the choice of study since they were expected to better adapt to the host body when administrated as probiotics. Phenotypic inhibitory activity was determined, followed by genomic detection of various colicins, microcins and virulence determinants among the active isolates. Moreover, these strains were also evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity profile, pH tolerance, hemolytic activity and entero-invasive property. The E.coli strains were also sorted into phylogenetic groups of E.coli i.e. A0, A1, B1, B2, D1 and D2. From 300 fecal samples of cattle, sheep and human, 675 lactose fermenting Gram negative colonies were selected, out of which 513 were confirmed as E.coli based on biochemical characterization. For accuracy of further tests, 465 E.coli isolates (n=155/ sample) were evaluated in vitro for growth inhibition of five Gram negative species i.e. E.coli O157:H7, E.coli O26:H11, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only 68 isolates (26.4% cattle, 25% sheep and 48.5% human) produced significant growth inhibition among which 41.1% inhibited E.coli O157:H7, 35.2% E.coli O26:H11, 30.7% S. enterica, 24.8% P. aeruginosa and 13% inhibited K. pneumonia. Genomic enumeration of colicin and microcin determinants of these antagonistic E.coli isolates revealed that each of the isolate produced at-least one colicin while the microcins were rarely found in commensal species. The highest prevailing colicin was col E6 (70.4%) followed by col Ib (66.3%), E4 (54.28%), E7 (49.9%), col J (42.9%), col M (35.2%) and col Ia (29.3%). Colicins like S4, D, A, E1, E3 and microcins including mH47, mV, mB17 and mC7 were prevalent at intermediate levels (< 25%) while col E2, 10 and mB17 were rarely found (< 5%) in E.coli isolates. Determinants for col B, K, 5 and mL were not perceived in any E.coli isolate. Phylogenetic grouping revealed that group B2 E.coli was more prevelant (i.e. 27.9%) among human samples followed by 13.2% in sheep and 11.7% in cattle while group D1 was the second most prevalent group i.e. 16%. Almost 13.2 % B1 E.coli, 11.6% A1 and 5.8% A0 E.coli were found among the antagonistic strains from all sources. Virulence gene determinants (i.e. Stx1, Stx2, Hlye, St and eaeA) were detected in 60.2% E.coli isolates while remaining 39.7% were non-pathogenic commensal isolates which were further confirmed by 16SrRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility profile, hemolysis assay, entero-invasive ability and pH tolerance of all non-pathogenic strains revealed that out of total E.coli strains, four cattle, two human and one sheep derived E.coli strains were the most suitable strains to be considered as probiotic species. However, further insight is suggested to unveil the effects of downstream processes and to discover eminent capsule packaging for these strains so that they can be easily fed to hosts.