سر شیخ عبدالقادر
افسوس ہے کہ ہماری پرانی علمی و ادبی بزم کی ایک اور شمع گل ہوگئی اور گزشتہ ۹؍ فروری کو سر شیخ عبدالقادر مرحوم نے چھیتر سال کی عمر میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم کی ذات گوناگوں اوصاف کی جامع تھی، وہ اردو زبان کے مشہور ادیب اور اس کے پرانے محسن اور خدمت گزار تھے، ان کا مشہور رسالہ مخزن اپنے زمانہ کا اردو کا سب سے زیادہ ممتاز اور مقبول رسالہ تھا، اردو میں سنجیدہ نگاری اور اچھے اصحاب قلم پیدا کرنے میں اس کا بڑا حصہ تھا، مرحوم کا ادبی ذوق ہر زمانہ میں قائم رہا اور وہ کسی نہ کسی حیثیت سے برابر اردو کی خدمت کرتے رہے، مخزن کے جدید دور میں بھی وہ اس کے سر پرست تھے، پاکستان کے قیام سے پہلے تک وہ دارالمصنفین کے رکن تھے، ان علمی و ادبی کمالات کے ساتھ ان کو بڑے سے بڑے دنیاوی اعزاز بھی حاصل ہوئے اور وہ مختلف اوقات میں ہائی کورٹ کی ججی، وزارت تعلیم مرکزی پبلک سروس کمیشن کی رکنیت انڈیا کونسل کی ممبری وغیرہ جیسے مناسب جلیلہ پر فائز رہے، لیکن ان کی وضعداری میں کبھی فرق نہیں آیا، وہ نئی تعلیم کے ساتھ پرانی تہذیب و شرافت کا نمونہ اور ہر طبقہ و ہر فرقہ میں مقبول اور سب کے ساتھ ان کے یکساں تعلقات تھے، اب ایسی شخصیتیں مشکل ہی سے پیدا ہونگی، ایسی یادگاریں خواہ ہندوستان کی ہوں یا پاکستان کی کم از کم ایک دو نسلوں تک دونوں کی مشترک مِلک ہیں اور ان کی موت دونوں کا نقصان ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۵۰ء)
سر شیخ عبدالقادر
ہندوستان و پاکستان کی تقسیم نے اب ایسا کردیا ہے کہ ایک جگہ کا حال دوسری جگہ مشکل سے معلوم ہوتا...
Sources of Quranic Narrates of Syda Mariam (AS): A Critical Analysis of Orientalistic Approach Origin of the Qur’ᾱnic narrates towards Mariam Virgin (AS) has broadly been under debate in orientalist studies. Orientalist, in general, have had the opinion that Qur’ᾱnic stories of virgin Mariam were not the divine revelation; these are plagiarized and utilized from Christian apocryphal sources and literature like Arabic Gospel of infancy and Protoevangelium of James. This research paper’s questions were that according to Orientalist: is it true that the sources of Qur’ᾱnic Stories of Mariam (AS) are plagiarized from apocryphal Christian literature and Quran has done mistake about name of Mariam (AS)'s father and brother. This research is historical and textual. In conclusion, if anyone who has sincerely studied dating apocryphal literature and its dating should be able to see that his sincerity negates taking data for making Qur'ᾱnic narrates towards virgin Mariam (AS) from Christian apocryphal impacts upon Qur'ᾱnic narrate and also this paper shows that Christian developed their apocryphal literature after revelation of Quran.
Cancer, also known as neoplasia, involves uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to malignant tumor formation. Epithelial cancers (or carcinomas, representing about 80% of all cancers) are a group of cancers originating in the epithelial lining of many locations, such as digestive tract, airways, breast, reproductive tracts and oral cavity. Oral cancer is one of the eight most common types of cancer worldwide. It starts from the upper digestive tract, including the larynx, oral and nasal cavities. Whereas lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, representing about 26% to 28% per year. Heavy alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, smoking, viral infections, occupation hazard and exposure to UV radiation are the major risk factors. Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKs), such as EGFR and Lyn are major regulators of cell growth and survival. In cancer cells, such receptors are constitutively activated and lead to malignant phenotype. Blocking of active TKs efficiently stops proliferation and induces apoptosis in oral and lung cancer cells. In the present study, we selected five TKIs (Genistein, Gefitinib, Erlotinib, Dasatinib, and Imatinib) which acts upon EGFR and Src family tyrosine kinases. Imatinib and Dasatinib are non-optimal TKIs for oral and lung carcinomas, and have to be utilized at relatively high concentrations to display inhibition. Our goal was to select therapeutically suitable small molecules, such as resveratrol (a natural polyphenol) and artemisinin along with its derivatives (synthetic endoperoxides) to potentiate the sub-optimal activity of standard TKIs. The objective of our study was to investigate standard TKIs and the possible adjuvant effects of artemisinin derivatives (endoperoxides, EPs) and resveratrol (natural phenol, NP) on highly malignant lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) and laryngeal cancer cells (KCLB-SNU46) of lower malignancy. Optimal combinations of TKIs and EPs/NP that decrease the proliferative capacity of oral and lung cancer cell lines, and increase their apoptosis potential were thus investigated. The techniques employed were flowcytometry, spectrophotometry, SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Out of five TKIs, Imatinib and Dasatinib at higher concentration and on 48 hours incubation affected the oral cancer cell line (KCLBSNU46). However, the lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460) responded to Gefitinib as well as Imatinib and Dasatinib only after 48 hours. Artemisinin itself didn’t show any effect but its endoperoxide derivatives OD59 and OD66 showed potent anticancer activity (with very low IC50) in both cell lines when compared to that of the standard TKIs. Resveratrol showed no effect on oral cancer cells, but lung cancer cells did respond to high resveratrol concentrations. In combination studies, resveratrol and endoperoxides (OD66 and OD67) showed significant synergistic effects when combined with gefitinib and dasatinib at very low concentrations in both the cell lines. Furthermore it was confirmed that these synergistic combinations induced apoptosis by modulating the phosphorylation of the EGFR and Lyn tyrosine kinases. This study conclude that resistance phenomena in cancer cells can be modulated by combining sub-therapeutic doses of standard TKIs with least effective doses of natural and synthetic compounds. This approach can conveniently reduce the dosage as well as the cytotoxic effects of the clinically used TKIs on cancer patients.