پروفیسرتلک چند محروم
افسوس ہے پروفیسر تلک چندمحروم بھی ستتر(۷۷) برس کی عمر میں گزشتہ مہینہ دہلی میں رہ گزاے عالمِ جاودانی ہوگئے۔ موصوف فارسی اور اردو دونوں زبانوں کے کہنہ مشق قادر الکلام اور بڑے پُر گوشاعر تھے، اُن کی فنی استعداد بھی بڑی پختہ اوراعلیٰ تھی۔انہیں غزل اور نظم دونوں پریکساں قدرت تھی، لیکن طبیعت کونظم سے زیادہ لگاؤ تھااور نظم بھی کسی ایک خاص صنف کی نہیں بلکہ ہر صنف اور ہر نوع کی۔رباعیات اورقطعات بھی کثرت سے لکھے ہیں۔نظم کے علاوہ نثر بھی شستہ ورواں اور چٹکیلی لکھتے تھے۔ پھر جتنے بڑے شاعر، ادیب اورمصنّف تھے اتنے ہی بڑے انسان بھی تھے،تقسیم کے وقت وطن سے بے وطن اور گھرسے بے گھر ہوئے اور کیسے کچھ مصائب برداشت کیے، لیکن کیامجال! انسانیت وشرافت کی پیشانی پرایک ہلکا سابل بھی پڑا ہو۔اُردو ادب کی تاریخ میں ہمیں یقین ہے پروفیسر محرومؔ کانام ہمیشہ یادگار رہے گا۔ [فروری ۱۹۶۶ء]
The research investigates the agglomeration pattern of seven national, international oil and gas extraction and production companies through an exploration of oil and gas cluster components and subcomponents. For this exploratory study, data is collected through primary sources via in-depth interviews from managers of national and international oil and gas MNCs working in Sindh, Pakistan and through secondary sources of business reports. The content analysis is adopted to analyze the data. Results of this study reveal that there is strong existence of exploration and production companies which results in agglomeration, however, other components of oil and gas cluster like refineries, marketing companies, supporting institutes, media and government poorly exist in Sindh province of Pakistan. Findings also highlight that the Sindh as a resource-rich region is still underdeveloped due to poor management of resources or because of the absence of ideal oil and gas cluster components and coordination among them in the region.
In the present research work, the effect of thought and stylistic study of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal is discussed in detail. Urdu Ghazal and modern poem reflects the human feelings and truth of the present. Therefore for this research work, the mutual relationship of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal, thinking, technical and stylistics study is taken as a topic for research. It is tried to find the changes and factors producing changes, what is the creative process of both and what is the individual value of each and what is the individuality though the study of thinking effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal. For this purpose the present research work is divided into five chapters. First chapter is about the introduction of the topic in detail. In this chapter with the basic discussion on Urdu Ghazal and Poem the differences between Ghazal and Poem and Molana Aaltaf Hussain Haale to the present shape is analyzed beautifully. The second chapter is about the formal effects of modern poem on Urdu Ghazal. In this chapter the formal process of Modern Poem and the appearance of nw formal changes under the effect of Modern Poem in Urdu Ghazal is also analyzed. The effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal is also important that because of it in Urdu Ghazal, Anti Ghazal, Azad Ghazal, Zain Ghazal, Ghazal like Geet, Tedy Ghazal, Mukalmati Ghazal, Mokalmati Azad Ghazal and Ghazal-e- Musalsal is discussed in this chapter in detail. The third chapter of this research work is about the analysis of formal effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal, formal process and the constituent of formal relation of poem and Ghazal, imagination, language and expression, symbolism, punctuation, changes in language and expression, changes in expression and immediate reaction is possible only by the effect of Modern Poem. Chapter four is about the discussion of thinking effect of Modern Poem on Urdu Ghazal. Therefore in this chapter thinking combination of Ghazal and Poem, creation process between Urdu Ghazal and Modern Poem and the thinking effect of Modern Poem on the Urdu Ghazal is discussed in detail in this chapter. The last and final chapter is the overall analysis of the topic and suggestion are listed here for further research work on the base of present research work.