مولاناامین احسن اصلاحی
۱۶؍ دسمبر ۱۹۹۷ء کو جامعۃ الفلاح بلریا گنج میں یہ اندوہ ناک خبر سنی کہ مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی صاحب کی وفات ہوگئی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ادھر سال بھر سے اس کا کھٹکا لگا ہوا تھا کہ علم و کمال کا یہ مہر جہاں تاب غروب ہونے والا ہے۔ اور قرآن و حدیث کے بحر کا شناور اور غواص، علامہ حمید الدین فراہیؒ کا جانشین و ترجمان، ان کے علوم و معارف کا وارث و امین، حکمت قرآنی کا شارح و مبین، دین حق کا داعی و مبلغ، اسرار دین کا عارف و آشنا، شرک و توحید اور تقویٰ و نماز کا رمزو حقیقت شناس اپنے ہزاروں شاگردوں اور قدردانوں کو مغموم، اداس اور سوگوار چھوڑ کر جلد ہی سفر آخرت پر روانہ ہونے والا ہے۔
ابھی مولانا بدرالدین اصلاحی ناظم مدرستہ الاصلاح و دائرہ حمیدیہ کا غم تازہ ہی تھا کہ مدرسہ کا یہ گل سرسبد اور فکر حمید کا سب سے بڑا حامل و شیدائی بھی رخصت ہوگیا۔
کیا کہوں تاریکیٔ زندانِ غم اندھیر ہے
پنبہ نورِ صبح سے کم جس کے روزن میں نہیں
مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی صاحبؒ اعظم گڑھ شہر سے پورب میں واقع ایک گاؤن ’’بمہور‘‘ کے متوسط زمیندار گھرانے میں ۱۹۰۳ء میں پیدا ہوئے تھے۔ ان کے والد حافظ محمد مرتضےٰ صاحب ایک دیندار، متبعِ سنت اور تہجد گزار شخص تھے، وہ اپنے فرزند کو دینی تعلیم دلانا چاہتے تھے، اپنی اس تمنا کا ذکر انھوں نے اپنے ہم وطن دوست مولانا شبلی متکلم ندوی سے کیا جو علامہ شبلیؒ کے عزیز شاگرد اور مدرستہ الاصلاح سرائے میر کے منصبِ اہتمام پر فائز تھے۔ انھوں نے اسی مدرسہ میں مولانا امین احسن صاحب کا داخلہ کرادیا، جہاں انھوں نے ان سے اور دوسرے اساتذہ سے دینی علوم کی تحصیل کی، ان کو اپنی طالب علمی کے...
This study aims to identify the significance of driver’s socioeconomic demographics (SEDs) in the decision to speed and crash involvement. A questionnaire was designed consisting of a driver’s SEDs, speeding propensity, and crash experience. This questionnaire was conducted with the students and employees of the University of Nizwa and other drivers at the selected locations. A total of 604 usable samples were obtained. Simple frequency distribution and discriminant multivariate analysis were conducted on the driver’s responses. Survey results revealed that about 47.7% of the drivers have experienced a crash. The driver’s gender nationality, profession, age, type of vehicle drive, driving experience, and past crash experience are significant attributes of the driver’s speeding behavior. Ordered probit analysis for speeding behavior and simple probit regression analysis for crash involvement was conducted. The male drivers and those who are under the age of 30 years and have driving experience of more than 3 years have more likelihood to exceed the speed limits than other drivers. Similarly, the driver’s gender, age (≤ 30 years), and those who are employees have a significant correlation with the propensity of crash involvement. Male and young drivers have more likelihood to be involved in a crash.
Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae; genus Begomovirus) are dicot plantsinfecting viruses which are exclusively transmitted by the insect vector whitefly (Bemesia tabaci). These viruses belong to economically important group of viruses which have monopartite and bipartite single stranded DNA genome. The plant diseases induced by begomoviruses are major constraints for successful crop production worldwide. Pothwar region is located in the northern part of Punjab province with an estimated area of 22, 254 km2. Based on the ecological and climatic conditions Pothwar region is adapted for the production of large number of agricultural and horticultural crops. The lack of systematic study on begomoviruses diversity in Pothwar region gave a strong backing to current study for assessing the incidence, distribution and genetic characterization of begomoviruses in the region. A total of 138 plant samples belonging to 17 different plant families were collected from four districts of Pothwar region and capital territory Islamabad. Total genomic DNA was isolated from all plant samples by CTAB method followed by PCR employing universal degenerate primers for begomoviruses detection. Selected positive samples were subjected to Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) for full genome amplification of DNA-A, DNA-B and satellite genomes which were cloned and sequenced subsequently. The obtained sequences were analyzed using Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) 6.0. Plants belonging to 15 families were tested positive for begomoviruses and the overall incidence of begomoviruses in Pothwar region was xxii 77.5 percent while incidence in individual areas was 85.7 percent in Attock, 85 percent (Rawalpindi), 83.3 percent (Islamabad), 81 percent (Chakwal) and 55.5 percent (Jhelum). The begomoviruses were not evenly distributed in Pothwar region with 32 percent in Rawalpindi, 27 percent (Chakwal), 22.4 percent (Attock), 14 percent (Islamabad) and 05 percent (Jhelum). The most significant contribution of the present study is the identification and characterization of new begomovirus specie which was tentatively named as “Euphorbia yellow leaf curl virus” (EYLCV) [Pakistan:Rawalpindi:Euphorbia:2012] [KM978186]. The EYLCV was also isolated and characterized from Hibiscus syriacas and Combretum indicum. Other begomoviruses which were characterized in present study are Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV) and its association with Cotton leaf curl Multan Betasatellite (CLCuMB) infecting Malvastrum coromandelianum, Rose leaf curl virus (RoLCuV) infecting Duranta repens, Tomato leaf curl New Dehli Virus infecting Solanum lycopersicum and Chilli leaf curl virus and its associated betasatellite infecting Capsicum annum from Pothwar region. The Pothwar region provides an opportunity for helper viruses to develop more complex relationships with satellites DNAs altogether opening a window for the development of unique begomoviruses disease complexes with likely implication of invading the cotton belt that could result in severe economic losses to national economy.