سرشاہ سلیمان
نئی تعلیم نے جو بہتر سے بہتر نمونے ہماری قوم میں پیش کئے اُن میں سے ایک سرشاہ سلیمان تھے، وہ مشرقی تعلیم کے ایک ممتاز خاندان کے فرد فرید تھے، ان کا آبائی وطن ضلع اعظم گڑھ ہی کا ایک ممتاز قصبہ تھا، ملا محمود جون پوری جن کا نام شمس بازغہ اور فرائد کے مصنف کی حیثیت سے آفتاب کی طرح درخشاں ہے، ان کے مورثِ اعلیٰ تھے، سرسلیمان مرحوم نے بھی ابتدائی مشرقی تعلیم حاصل کی تھی، اور عربی تعلیم سے بہرہ ور تھے، ملا محمود نے فلسفہ میں ادب کی، اور ادب میں فلسفہ کی شان پیدا کی تھی، یہی خصوصیت سر سلیمان کی ذات میں تھی، ایک طرف وہ قصائد ذوق اور مثنویات میر کو ترتیب دیتے تھے اور دوسری طرف آئن سٹائن کے نظریہ پر نقد و تبصرہ کرتے تھے۔
سر سلیمان کی فطری ذہانت بے نظیر تھی، ذہانت کی بجلی ان کی رگ رگ میں بھری تھی، وہ نہ صرف ہائی کورٹوں کے جج رہے، بلکہ قانون کے نکتہ شناس بھی تھے، ان کی لیاقت و قابلیت کی شرح کے لئے چند سطریں کسی طرح کافی نہیں ہوسکتیں، اور ان سب باتوں کے ساتھ وہ مسلمان بھی تھے، ایماناً اور عملاً مسلمان! وہ ان تنگ ظرفوں میں نہ تھے جو رومن حروف کے چند الفاظ پڑھ لینے کے بعد اپنے کو حقائق و معارف کا سب سے بڑا عارف مان کر دین و مذہب سے بے نیاز ہوجاتے ہیں، اور بندگی کی حد سے آگے بڑھ کر خدائی کے عرش کا اپنے کو مستحق سمجھنے لگتے ہیں، مرحوم میں ان خوبیوں کے ساتھ بہت سی اخلاقی خوبیاں بھی جمع تھیں، وہ منکسر، متواضع، حلیم، اور سادہ مزاج تھے، ساتھ ہی اپنی رائے کے مضبوط اور کام کے دھنی تھے، وہ عالم تھے، مگر عمر بھر طالب العلم بنے...
Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder passed down through families in which the body makes hemoglobin in an abnormal form. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia children results in anemia and other medical complications. Objective: To assess dietary behavior of children aged between 3-12 years suffering from thalassemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the outdoor patient department of thalassemia at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for 4 months.100 patients were selected through non probability sampling technique. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: Thalassemia was more prevalent in the age group of 8-12 years. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia patients caused anemia as it was evident from results that 74% of thalassemic children had pale skin. As far as dietary intake was concerned only 4% of thalassemia children were consuming meat and meat products.58% of thalassemia children consumed milk on daily basis. Only 8% took green leafy vegetables on daily basis as it contains high amount of iron. Micro nutrient deficiencies as vitamin A, C were common among thalassemia patients as only 30% were consuming fruits on daily basis. Conclusions: Most of the thalassemiacchildren were found to be malnourished due to inadequate dietary intake. The caregivers and parents should be counseled to create awareness
The Sperata (S.) sarwari is one of the commercially important carnivore freshwater fish and is now among the most endangered species in Pakistan. The study was designed to hypothesize that the natural population of S. sarwari has become fragmented due to the construction of barrages and the degradation of natural spawning grounds and also the decrease of genetic diversity is the main cause of decline in population. Molecular markers were applied to assess genetic variations between fish (S. sarwari) populations in four different rivers. Total eight populations were collected from the upstream and the downstream of the River Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi and Indus of the Punjab, Pakistan. The selected morphological and meristic characteristics showed significant (P< 0.05) variations between the upstream and the downstream population and also among the four riverine populations except weight, which was kept constant. For genetic analysis, fifteen RAPD markers were selected from the genomic Library on the basis of GC contents (%) and band reproducibility for the amplification of genomic DNA in S. sarwari. Out of 15 primers, ten RAPD primers produced 50 scorable bands with sizerange of 250-1050 bps. Molecular analysis showed significant polymorphism in the upstream and the downstream of the four riverne populations of S. sarwari. The highest polymorphism (62%) was observed in the River Indus population and lowest level (2%) was observed in the Ravi population. The genetic analysis revealed that the River Indus population showed the high gene diversity (h, 0.253±0.204) and the River Ravishowed the lowest gene diversity (h, 0.0096±0.068). The genetic variability with total heterozygosity (Ht, 0.3574±0.0350) revealed the significant higher variation (Gst, 0.5124) with very low level of migration flow (Nm, 0.4758) that showed no movement of a single individual between the upstream and the downstream of all river populations. Cluster analysis showed significant variations within and among rivers. Furthermore, the dendrogram showed that the S. sarwari population of the River Jhelum and RiverIndus were closely related, while the River Ravi population was completely distinct from other riverine populations. Hence, these genetic analysis described the higher level of genetic variability and lowest genetic flow that increased the inbreeding coefficient in S. sarwari population. Furthermore, this study revealed that the variations in the morphological characteristics are concordance with the genetic analysis. In the present study, it was also concluded that the lowest gene flow is the indication of isolation due to physical barriers i.e. dams and barrage. Hence, this information can be used by Ichthyologist managers and natural conservationist, who are interested in the future to save it from declining of S. sarwari.