حکیم صدیق احمد امروہوی ثم بریلوی
مئی کے اسی ہفتہ میں ایک اورحادثہ یہ پیش آیا کہ ہمارے نہایت عزیز اور مخلص دوست اوراپنے فن کے ماہرحکیم صدیق احمد صاحب امروہوی ثم بریلوی نے وفات پائی۔عمرغالباًپچھتر چھہتر برس ہوگی۔اصل وطن امروہہ ضلع مرادآباد تھا، مگر ایک عرصۂ دراز سے بریلی میں مقیم تھے۔ ان کے والد ماجد مولانا حکیم مختار احمد صاحب ایک نہایت حاذق طبیب ہونے کے علاوہ پختہ استعداد کے عالم باعمل، متقی اور عابد و زاہد بزر گ تھے۔ حکیم صدیق احمد کی بھی علوم وفنون میں استعداد بڑی پختہ تھی، شروع میں منطق اورفلسفہ کا بڑاغلبہ رہا۔نہایت ذہین اور طباع تھے۔اس لیے کوئی موضوع بحث ہو تقریر مدلل اورمنطقیانہ کرتے تھے۔ حضرت شاہ عبدالقادر صاحب رائے پوری سے بیعت ہونے کے علاوہ اعمال و وظائف کا ورد کثرت سے کرنے لگے تھے۔فن طب میں نظری اورعملی مہارت و حذاقت انھیں ورثہ میں ملی تھی، طبیعت بے حد رساتھی۔تشخیص اورتجویز دونوں میں ان کی شہرت دور دور تک تھی۔ سینکڑوں بڑے معرکے کے علاج کئے لیکن وہ جتنے بڑے طبیب تھے، اسی قدر مزاج سخت لاابالی اورروپیہ پیسہ کے لالچ سے کوسوں دورتھے۔ غریبوں اور ضرورت مندوں کی امداد اپنی جیب سے کرتے تھے اورعلما کی خدمت کرکے خوش ہوتے تھے، غرض کہ بڑی خوبیوں اورکمالات کے انسان تھے۔اُن کے پاس مخطوطات کاایک خاصہ ذخیرہ تھا جس میں حضرت مولانا محمد قاسم صاحب نانوتوی اوربعض دوسرے بزرگوں کے مکاتیب اور ان کی تحریریں شامل ہیں۔لیکن راقم الحروف کے سخت اصرار کے باوجود انھوں نے ان چیزوں کو نہ خود چھاپا اورنہ کسی اورکو انھیں نقل کرنے کی اجازت دی۔پھر معلوم نہیں ان کا کیا حشر ہوا۔
اخلاق وعادات کے اعتبار سے نہایت خلیق،خوش طبع و خوش مزاج اور متواضع و مہمان نواز تھے۔رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃً واسعۃً۔ [جون۱۹۷۸ء]
An Efforts to improve the morality of learners are always conducted in education. Educational institutions are morally obligated to increase personality development of their students. SDN Inpres Bumi Bahari Kec. Palu Barat through the implementation of school rules, intends to form the character of learners. This circumstance is the basis of this research. This research based on descriptive qualitative methods. The Source of data obtained from principals, teachers, and Learners. This research used varieties methods such as observation, interviews, and documentations in data collecting process. Furthermore, data that has been netted, analyzed using data reduction techniques, data display, and data verification. The results of the study concluded that the application of school rules can shape the behavior of learners to be a good personality. The behavior of learners is directed towards moral learner. The process of character building of learners finds some barriers because learners have a different understanding of school rules order. In addition, many students have a strong influence of the habits they bring from their homes, so they are not familiar with the rules set by their school.
Current study was based on the imperative constituent’s replacement of the reactive printing paste for cotton printing. They are sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate and urea. Although sodium alginate is a natural thickener and environment friendly, but its availability and cost are the major concern which motivated the researcher to replace it with some better constituent. Other main part of the printing paste recipe is urea. Urea is nitrogen containing compound and it causes water stream pollution. It supports the reactive dyes molecule in solubility and moisture management to the fabric. Moisture helps the dye shade to remain sharp and shine during steaming process. The third and final replacement was sodium bicarbonate. Alkali is prerequisite in printing as reactive dyes form covalent bond to cellulosic cotton in alkaline condition. However, alkali hydrolyzes the dye molecules as well. Also, it has detrimental effects towards environment. Sodium alginate was replaced with synthetic acrylic thickener and tamarind kernel powder after its carboxy methyl substitution. Its degree of substitution was dignified by using both dry and wet methods. 0.654 was the DS value with dry method and 0.661 was the DS value with wet method. Urea was replaced with nitrogen free polymer i.e. polyethylene glycol 400 which increased dye solubility. Sodium bicarbonate was replaced with tri chloro acetic acid. Tri chloro acetic acid dissociated at high temperature around 100℃ and became alkaline (as required for fixation) during steaming process of the printed fabric. Five Mono chloro triazine and one vinyl sulphone reactive dye was selected for reactive printing. One conventional recipe was prepared with sodium alginate (2%), sodium bicarbonate (2.5%) and urea (15%) and six modified recipes were prepared against standard recipe 1. Recipe 2 included acrylic synthetic thickener (3%) and the rest of the chemicals were same as recipe 1. Recipe 3 and 4 have mixed ratio of SA and AST. Recipe 5 was prepared by using TCAA (4%) and CMTKP (6%). Recipe 6 by adding PEG-400 (2%) in recipe 5. In recipe 7, PEG-400 (1%) reduction in recipe 6. All 7 seven recipes were used in 6 reactive dyes at two dose levels (2% and 4%). There were total 84 trials of reactive printing and each trial was accessed with 9 tests. Sum K/S and shade strength, penetration of the dyes into the fabric, staining on the white ground of the fabric, washing fastness (change in shade and staining), rubbing fastness (dry and wet), light fastness, perspiration fastness (acidic and basic), sharpness of the edges, fabric hardness and cost saving. After running 6 colours at different dose levels, it was confirmed that recipe 6 is best in all aspects. However, based on cost and results, recipe 7 had better outcomes than recipe 1.