شعیب قریشی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ متحدہ ہندوستان کی ایک اہم شخصیت شعیب قریشی صاحب نے کراچی میں انتقال کیا وہ ہندوستان کے ممتاز رہنماؤں میں تھے، ان کی عمر کا بڑا حصہ ملک و ملت کی خدمت میں گزرا ان کی قومی زندگی کا آغاز مشہور انگریزی اخبار ’’نیوایرا‘‘ کی مضمون نگاری سے ہوا تھا، جس کے وہ بعد میں ایڈیٹر بھی ہوگئے تھے، پھر ۱۹۱۴ء میں جنگ بلقان کے زمانہ میں مشہور انصاری مشن کے ساتھ ٹرکی گئے، ۱۹۲۰ء میں جب وفد خلافت لندن گیا تھا تو وہ وہاں زیر تعلیم تھے، اس لیے وفد کی کاروایوں میں عملی حصہ لیا، اسی زمانہ میں خلافت اورکانگریس کی تحریکیں شروع ہوئیں۔ لندن کی واپسی کے بعد ان میں سرگرمی سے حصہ لیا، ایک عرصہ تک خلافت کمیٹی کے سکریٹری بھی رہے، اور کچھ دونوں گاندھی جی کی غیر حاضری میں ان کے اخبار ’’ینگ انڈیا‘‘ کے بھی ایڈیٹر رہے، حجاز پر سلطان عبدالعزیز آل سعود کے قبضہ کے بعد وہاں کے حالات کی تحقیقات اور اس کے آئندہ نظام حکومت کے بارے میں مشورہ دینے کے لیئے خلافت کمیٹی کی جانب سے جو وفد گیا تھا اس کے ایک رکن شعیب قریشی بھی تھے، پھر نہرو کمیٹی میں مسلمانوں کی نمائندگی کی، مگر اس کی رپورٹ سے انھوں نے اختلافات کیا اور سیاسی زندگی سے کنارہ کش ہوکر ریاست بھوپال میں وزیر تعلیم ہوگئے، اپنے دورِ وزارت میں انھوں نے بہت سے مفید تعلیمی اور مذہبی کام انجام دیئے، ریاست بھوپال کے خاتمہ کے بعد پاکستان چلے گئے، اور مختلف اوقات میں مرکزی حکومت کی وزارت اور سفارت کے عہدوں پر ممتاز رہے، علمی قابلیت اور سیاسی بصیرت کے ساتھ اخلاقی حیثیت سے بھی بہت بلند اور پختہ کیرکٹر کے انسان تھے، ادھر چند سال سے انکا ذکر سننے میں نہیں آتا تھا، ایک دن...
The paper discusses in detail different ways how Islamand democracy can be reconciled and highlights the importance of democratic values for Muslim dominated societies, which is the need of modern times. It also discusses how Islam which stands for global peace and security and bound Muslims to be more responsible regarding the implementation of justice, peace and to stand for the fundamental humanitarian values which go in parallel with the concept of democratic principles. The paper also converses, the scenario in which the beautiful religion for entire humanity has been attempted to be hijacked by a radical mindset whichprevailed in every civilization ever existed.
The seeds of one hundred maize inbred lines collected from various research organizations were planted in two sets, one under normal and the other under high temperature conditions in a plastic tunnel for the purpose of screening against heat at reproductive stage. Based on the actual and relative values for leaf temperature, cell membrane thermo-stability, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf firing, kernels per ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant, one heat tolerant (ZL-11271) and one heat susceptible (R-2304-2) parents were selected and crossed to develop six basic generations comprised parents (P1, P2), hybrid (F1) and segregating generations (BC1, BC2, F2) in subsequent cropping seasons. All these generations were then evaluated under both normal (field) and heat-stressed (plastic tunnel) conditions using factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The recorded data under both the conditions on various morphological and physiological plant traits were analyzed in nested block design for one way, two way and partitioned analysis of variances which revealed statistically significant differences (P≤0.01-0.05) for all the characters except anthesis-silking interval. Generation mean analysis of plant traits recorded under normal conditions revealed both additive and dominance genetic effects alongwith epistatic interactions for leaf temperature, cell membrane thermo-stability, stomatal conductance, leaf firing, plant height, ear leaf area, days to maturity, ear length, kernels per ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant. For all these traits except stomatal conductance, dominance effects were more pronounced than additive estimates. Only additive genetic effects alongwith epistatic interactions were revealed for transpiration rate, days to tasseling and days to silking under normal conditions. Days to silking and days to maturity had dominance genetic effects with no epistatic interaction while traits like leaf temperature, cell membrane thermo-stability, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf firing, plant height, days to tasseling, ear leaf area, ear length, kernels per ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant revealed both additive and dominance genetic effects alongwith epistatic interactions under heat-stressed conditions. Additive genetic effects were greater in magnitude for leaf temperature, cell membrane thermo-stability and stomatal conductance while estimates of dominance genetic effects were higher in case of transpiration rate, leaf firing, plant height, ear leaf area, ear length, kernels per ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant under heat-stressed regime. Estimates of broad sense heritability were higher than that of narrow sense heritability while estimates of narrow sense heritability for infinity generation were greater than its F2 generation for all the traits. Considering the estimates of heritability and genetic advance at once suggested that only simple selections might be enough for further improvement of traits such as cell membrane thermo-stability, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf firing, ear length, kernels per ear and grain yield per plant under both the condition. Grain yield per plant had positive and significant association with stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, ear length and kernels per ear while negative but significant with leaf temperature, cell membrane thermo-stability, leaf firing and 100-grain weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels under both normal and heat-stressed conditions. Ear leaf area exhibited positive and negative association only at genotypic level with grain yield under normal and heat-stressed conditions, respectively. It can be concluded that traits like cell membrane thermo-stability, ear leaf area and kernels per ear may be given priority in breeding strategies for achieving improvement in maize grain yield under high temperature circumstances.