70. Al-M’arij/The Ascensions
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
70:01
a. A disbelieving questioner mockingly asked The Prophet about the punishment in the realm of the Hereafter which is bound to befall -
70:02
a. – the disbelievers.
b. And no one can prevent the coming of it -
70:03
a. as it is coming from Allah.
b. And, Allah is Rabb - The Lord - The Lord of the Ascensions.
70:04
a. Ascensions to where the angels and the spirit take a day to ascend,
b. where duration of a day would be equivalent to fifty thousand years of your count.
70:05
a. So O The Prophet!
b. Be patient with a gracious patience.
70:06
a. They perceive this punishment to be far away,
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a. while WE see it as quite near at hand as an inevitable reality -
70:08
a. it will befall at the Time when the celestial realm will be like molten copper,
70:09
a. and the mountains will be floating about in the air like flakes of wool/yarn,
70:10
a. and no close friend will ask any other close friend about his fate,
b. for everyone will be preoccupied with his own predicament -
70:11
a. even though they could see one another.
b. The criminal would wish to ransom himself from the inevitable punishment of that Time by
offering his own children,
70:12
a. and even his spouse and his brother/siblings,
70:13
a. and his relatives...
The ancient 5000 BCyears old Indus Valley Civilization, widely recognized as one of the most important early cities of South Asia. It is one of the world’s first cities and contemporaneous with ancient EgyptianCivilizations and Mesopotamian civilizations. Mohenjo-Daro is located west of the Indus Riveraround 28 kilometres (17 miles) from the town of LarkanaDistrict, Sindh, Pakistan. The Indus Valley civilization was entirely unknown until 1921. It was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India, under the direction of John Marshall, K. N. Mohenjo-Daro does mean 'Mound of the dead'. It is the name given by the locals to the place. The total area of Mohenjo-daro is 620 acres. Numerous objects found in excavation include seated and standing figures, copper and stone tools, carved seals, balance-scales and weights, gold and jasper jewellery, and children's toys. Many important objects from Mohenjo-daro are conserved at the National Museum of India in Delhi and the National Museum of Pakistan in Karachi. In 1939, a representative collection of arteffacts excavated at the site was transferred to the British Museum by the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India.
Due to increased proliferation of sensitive loads in the distribution network, voltage sags, swells and phase jumps mitigation has become the focus of power quality (PQ) research. This reduces its adverse economical impact. Equipment sensitivity curve shows that small duration outage of one-cycle is tolerable for sensitive loads. Therefore, the control system should be capable for voltage sag detection and mitigation in less than 20 ms at 50 Hz. There are various custom power devices for protecting industrial processes against voltage sags. Due to simple control, fast response and fewer transients; dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is investigated in this research work. Several voltage-sourced converter (VSC) control strategies for the DVR are proposed to maintain constant load voltage for smooth and clean power delivery to the load. A new leading series voltage injection (LSVI) technique is presented as a first strategy for the mitigation of sag. A mathematical model of LSVI by a DVR for voltage sag mitigation has been developed. Simulation results have been obtained to validate the developed model. Conventionally, distributed generation (DG) source is connected in parallel with utility to share load and export its excess power to utility. A new concept of power export through series connection of DG supported DVR is presented, whose power export capability is managed by magnitude of injected voltage as well as its phase-angle instead of the current. However, the approach for mitigating voltage sag using LSVI scheme is suitable for those locations where the phase-shift in the voltage will not cause any problem. A feed-forward VSC control strategy for the DVR is then presented, based on unipolar SPWM switching strategy. This is a novel but a simple control strategy in which the VSC not only converts DC to AC but also mitigates voltage sags, swells and phase jumps in the utility voltage, acting as power flow controller. Comparison of instantaneous utility voltage and generated three-phase reference voltage is carried out to detect sags, swells and phase jumps in the utility voltage. It then generates appropriate switching signals for the VSC of DVR to mitigate them.With the help of proposed control scheme of DVR, the dynamic capability of DVR increases the sensitive load penetration in the distribution system. LSVI control uses leading series voltage injection technique whereas a feed-forward method of compensation uses in-phase injection to regulate the load voltage. The magnitude of injected DVR voltage is minimal in in-phase injection compensation strategy. However, the presented power export concept is valid only for the LSVI scheme. The simulation for the presented control strategies have been performed using SimPowerSystemsTM tool box of MATLAB®. The proposed control strategies detect utility disturbances and mitigate them within half-cycle against a target of one-cycle. These strategies succeed in keeping load voltage THD limit within 5%.