اسلامی اخلاقیات واقدار کے فروغ میں خاندانی ماحول کا کردار؛معاصرانہ چیلنجز اور لائحہ عمل The role of family environment in the development of Islamic ethics and values, Contemporary challenges, and action plan

Islamic rules and moral values are unique in all aspects. The members of Muslim Ummah have always tried to promote them. At the national level, this duty was carried out by people at different levels whether they were teachers, businessmen or lay man of the society. At international level, some rulers, business professionals and religious leaders played their role. Man's first relationship is with family. This relationship is the cornerstone in the development of a personality.  There has been a lot of change taken place in the family system. In the past, due to the limited necessities of life the financial responsibility was limited to a few people. Media was not that advanced and bold and family members were loving and respectful. With the beginning of advance era, human needs were widened and to satisfy them, women started participating in economic activities along with men. Due to which the child was shifted from his home to day care centre, while the media gave birth to the social media, the stories of compassion and care in home became the past. In the present era, there is a dire need to remove these barriers that hinder the development of Islamic values through balance between income and expenditure, positive and moderate use of media and positive attitude in family. These issues will be discussed under the answers to the following questions. What is the role of family in the development of Islamic ethics? What are the problems faced by the family in the development of Islamic moral values? What are the solutions to the present-day problems?  

Psychopathology, Cognitive and Adjustment Problems in Women Burn Survivors

The objective of the present study is two folds. The first purpose of the study was the development and validation of scale of adjustment for adults in the national language of Pakistan i.e. Urdu and to estimate its reliability and validity. The second purpose of this research was to investigate the psychopathology, cognitive and adjustment problems in women burn survivors. In the first phase of this study, Scale of Adjustment for Adults (SAA) was developed and validated into Urdu language. In this process after the stages of item pool generation and expert evaluation the significance of the items was assessed in a sample of 100 adults’ age above 19 years in the pilot study. The results of correlation in the test retest administration of the pilot study retained 84 items. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the criteria of Adjustment disorder with specifiers of depression, anxiety and conduct disturbance and Aaron Beck model that include cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactions of individuals. The CFI value was .90 with the p-value of .00 that is less than .05. The results indicated a significant model fit with appropriate model fit indices. The SAA demonstrated high reliability (.938) at .01 level of significance. To estimate the convergent validity of the Scale of Adjustment for Adults (SAA) 93 adults selected from the city of Gujrat, Pakistan by using the convenient sampling technique. The convergent validity of the SAA was demonstrated via significant correlation (.626 at the 0.01 alpha level) with screening scale for adjustment disorders: Short form (Boer, Bachem & Maercker, 2014). The divergent validity of the SAA demonstrated no correlation (.058 at the 0.01 alpha level) with Coping Styles Scale in Urdu version developed in Pakistan (Zaman, 2015).The indigenous scale of SAA has found to be a reliable, valid and worth using instrument to assess adjustment of adult. In the second phase of study, research was conducted to explore the psychopathology, cognitive and adjustment problems in women burn survivors. The women burn survivors were assessed. To evaluate the predictive relationship of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), cognitive and adjustment problems 200 women burn survivors age above 19 years were examined. The following standardized tools were used for data collection as abbreviated Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Checklist Civilian Version in Urdu (Lang et al., 2012), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Urdu version (Evans & Raiz, 2010) and Scale of Adjustment for Adults developed in the study. The linear regression analysis was applied to analyze hypotheses which indicate PTSD would be a significant predictor of cognitive problems, sub domains of cognitive problems, adjustment problems and sub domains of adjustment problems in women burn survivors’ age above19 years. Results reflected a significant predictive relationship of PTSD with cognitive problems [R²=.206; F (1, 198) = 51.213, p<.01], with Visuospatial and executive functioning [R²=.107 F (1, 198) = 23.780, p<.01], with naming [R²=.089 F (1, 198) = 19.426, p<.01], with attention [R²=.087 F (1, 198) = 18.797, p<.01], with language [R²=.039 F (1, 198) = 8.101, p<.05], with abstraction [R²=.066 F (1, 198) = 14.041, p<.01], with delayed recall [R²=.112 F (1, 198) = 24.959, p<.01], and with orientation [R²=.080 F (1, 198) = 17.256, p<.01]. Results also reflected significant predictive relationship of PTSD with overall adjustment problems [R²=.437; F (1, 198) = 177.589, p<.01], with depression [R²=.377 F (1, 198) = 119.731, p<.01], with anxiety [R²=.402 F (1, 198) = 133.235, p<.01], and with conduct disturbance [R²=.306 F (1, 198) = 87.145, p<.01]. These findings may have implication in the future intervention and prevention procedure for women burn survivors with PTSD symptoms and related cognitive and adjustment problems.