مولانا عنایت اﷲ فرنگی محلی
یہ خبر نہایت افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ فرنگی محل کے ممتاز عالم مولانا عنایت اﷲ صاحب فرنگی محلی نے ۶؍ جولائی ۱۹۴۱ء کو دفعتہ وفات پائی، انا ﷲ و انا الیہ راجعون۔ مرحوم ابھی ۲۴، ۲۵، ۲۶ جون کو ہمارے ساتھ بھوپال میں عربی مدارس کی اصلاح کے کام میں شریک تھے، وہیں دردشکم میں مبتلا ہوئے جس کے باعث وہ کئی دن تک وہاں علیل رہے، سوء ہضم، تسلسل بول اور ضعف قلب کے عوارض ان کو پہلے سے لاحق تھے، بھوپال میں مرض کی تخفیف کے بعد وہ لکھنؤ روانہ ہوئے اور میں بھی ان ہی کی وجہ سے ان ہی کے ساتھ لکھنؤ تک آیا، لکھنؤ اسٹیشن پر پہنچ کر مرحوم نے مجھ سے کہا کہ میں آپ کی زحمتوں اور خدمتوں کا شکریہ اس لیے نہیں ادا کروں گا کہ میں آپ کو اپنے سے علیحدہ نہیں سمجھتا، یہ کہہ سن کر سلام کے بعد ہم دونوں الگ ہوگئے، یہ کون کہہ سکتا تھاکہ یہ سلام رخصت آخری سلام ہے۔
مرحوم فرنگی محل کے خانوادہ میں تنہا جامع علوم و فنون ہستی باقی رہ گئے تھے، معقولات اور منقولات پر ان کو یکساں دسترس حاصل تھی، مسائل پر وہ مبصرانہ اور ناقدانہ نظر رکھتے تھے، اردو میں تاریخ ، حدیث و رجال پر کئی رسالے لکھے تھے، مدرسہ نظامیہ کے صدر مدرس اور اچھے مدرس تھے، سیاسیات سے بھی دلچسپی رکھتے تھے، خلافت اور مسلم لیگ کے کاموں میں حصہ لیتے رہتے تھے، کل ۵۴ برس کی عمر پائی، اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کو اپنی عنایتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، اگست ۱۹۴۱ء)
Objective: Diabetes is more prevalent mainly in Asian population, but the incidence proportion and likelihood are still unknown due to lack of evidence and proper research, therefore in this research paper the main aim is to assess the relative risk of diabetes mellitus in obese people in Pakistan.
Methodology: A case control study was conducted on 233 participants including diabetic and non-diabetic. The participants were approached from different clinics and hospitals from Nov 2021 to April 2022 using convenient sampling technique. Participants’ age, body mass index and weight category were measured. The odds and relative risk ratio were calculated for diabetic patients in obese people.
Results: It was found that among the obese population, the odds of having diabetes were 3.85 times greater than that of non-obese adults whereas relative risk was also found to 2.17 times higher than that of non-obese population with the p-value <0.05.
Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is higher in diabetic population as compared to non-diabetic individuals. This increases the chances of developing diabetes in obese population as compared to the individuals with normal weight.
Sindh is the major banana growing province contributing 85% of the total banana area and production in Pakistan. Under low soil fertility and organic matter content, banana yields are low by any standard. This study evaluated the effect of organic amendments (no amendment, FYM and CPM, each at 20 t ha-1) and mineral fertilizer treatments (N, NP0.5, NP0.75, NP1.0, 1.25 NP) based on the N-P2O5-K2O rates of 500-250-500 kg ha-1. Results of this study depicted that plant growth i.e. plant girth and number of leaves plant-1 increased significantly with application of organic amendments as well as with mineral fertilizers. Similarly, both the mineral fertilizers and organic amendments were effective in significantly improving banana yield and yield parameters. Application of organic amendments produced, on an average, 19.4% increase in bunch weight, 7.7% in bunch length, 15.7% in finger length, 8.1% in finger girth, 13.1% in number of fingers bunch-1, 11.1% in number of hands bunch-1 and 22.6% in banana yield compared to the treatments not receiving any organic amendment. The FYM and CPM were equally effective in improving yield and yield parameters with slightly higher values for FYM in most cases. When applied alone, organic amendments increased banana yield by 19% over N alone treatment. In case of fertilizer application, the yield and yield contributing parameters increased with the rate of NP and further with K application, maximum yield obtained with NPK alone treatment was nearly equal to that obtained with the organic amendments alone. Under combined use of organic amendments and mineral fertilizers, highest values were obtained for almost all the yield parameters and yield. Expressed on percentage basis, banana yield increased by 59.4% with application of NPK plus FYM as compared to N alone treatment and 36.4% when compared with NPK treatment. There was no additional benefit in application of 25% more than the recommended NP (1.25 NP). Application of organic amendments significantly improved the leaf tissue NPK and micronutrient contents which remained above the critical limits of 2.6, 0.22 and 3.0 % for NPK, and 9, 80, 25 and 18 mg kg-1, for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn. Fertilizer applicationalso improved leaf nutrient contents except where either no or low rates of P and K were applied. Among the micronutrients, Zn was the only nutrient which was below the critical limit in the treatments not receiving any organic amendment. Nutrient composition of banana fruit also improved significantly with the application of organic amendments while increasing fertilizer rates resulted in decline in micronutrient contents. The levels of Cu, Fe, and Mn were still adequate though for optimal crop nutrition while Zn contents were below optimal levels unless organic amendments were applied. Soil properties after completion of one production cycle showed significant build up with the addition of FYM and CPM in organic matter (0.59 to 1.01%) and available nutrients i.e. P (12.1 to 24.7 mg kg-1), Cu (2.02 to 3.51 mg kg-1), Fe (8.9 to 23.3 mg kg-1), Mn (8.5 to 10.5 mg kg-1), and Zn (0.61 to 1.18 mg kg-1). Overall, integrated use of NPK and FYM outperformed all other treatments and produced maximum monetary benefit.