EFFICACY OF EXERCISE-BASED TECHNIQUES TO TREAT STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN FEMALES EXCEPT FOR KEGELS TECHNIQUE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LATEST EVIDENCE

Background of the study: Urinary incontinence is a physically challenging and socially incapacitating situation with a loss of self-confidence. This study aims to narrate the latest literature on the efficacy of novel exercise-based techniques to treat stress urinary incontinence except the traditional exercise using Kegel’s method. Methodology: The electronic searching was done using Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and BMC journals for the latest available at least three articles, including novel exercise regimes to treat stress urinary incontinence. The included techniques are Pilates, Paula Method, and the abdominal Hypopressive exercise technique. All the articles were analyzed, and their results are compiled in tabulated form in this narrative review. Results: All the approaches like Pilates, Paula, and Hypopressive abdominal exercises are effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. None of the regimes was found to be completely ineffective; however, the range of usefulness may vary. Conclusion: This study asserts the ideology of inclusion of new therapies into clinical practice keeping in mind their latest literature-based evidence.

Indigenous Model of Higher Education Reforms in Pakistan: Higher Education Quality Assurance Initiatives

Quality of higher education is believed to be one of the most important aspects of human resource development, creation of knowledge and social uplift in a country. Higher education institutions in general and policy institutions including Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in particular are realizing their increasing role in national uplift through improving quality of higher education. Purposes of this study are manifold: to explore types of quality improvements, reforms and initiatives that took place in higher education in Pakistan since its inception; to review available quality assurance models for higher education institutions that contribute in continuous quality improvement in HEIs. Furthermore, primary data are collected in order to determine the attitude and perceptions of faculty members, senior academicians and administrators towards quality improvement practices in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Moreover, the intention is to explore the status of implementation of quality assurance practices and their implications on the institutional performance in the context of higher education. Also, the study develops constructs that can contribute to the continuous improvement in the quality of higher education. Finally, Indigenous Quality Assurance Model for HEIs is developed in this study which is believed appropriate and applicable to address quality of higher education in the country. The findings of this research will be useful in order to address the quality assurance issues at multiple levels: national policy, HEIs management and various stakeholders including faculty members. The components contributing in continuous quality system improvement in HEIs are addressed at length. Finally, the model developed in this work can be used at all the levels addressed above for quality assurance purposes