سلطان ابن سعود
افسوس ہے کہ پچھلے دنوں عالم اسلام کی دو نامور شخصیتوں سلطان ابن سعود اور مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی نے اس عالم آب وگل کوخیرباد کہہ کر عالم آخرت کی راہ لی۔ حجاز کی سرزمین قدس مہبط وحی، حامل بیت اﷲ اور مولد و استراحت گاہ نبی (صلی اﷲ علیہ وسلم) ہے اوراسی بناپر اس کی خاک مسلمانوں کی جبین عقیدت وارادت کی افشاں اوراُس کا ذرہ ذرہ اُن کی آنکھوں کاتارا ہے۔ اس نسبت سے مسلمانوں کوسلطان مرحوم کے ساتھ بھی کہ وہ پاسبان حرم ہونے کا شرف رکھتے تھے، قلبی وروحانی تعلق تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ مرحوم میں ذاتی طورپر چند در چند ایسے اوصاف وکمالات تھے جن کے باعث تمام مسلمانوں کے دلوں میں اُن کی بڑی عزت وعظمت تھی۔عادات وخصائل،طبعی میلان ورحجان اورظاہر و باطن کے لحاظ سے وہ اور اُن کی حکومت متنبی کے اس شعر کے مصداق تھے:
حسن الحضارۃ مجلوب’‘ بتطریۃِِ
وفی البدواۃ حسن غیر مجلوب
مرحوم سیاسی اعتبار سے نہایت مدبر،بیدار مغز اورروشن دماغ ومستقل مزاج تھے۔ اُن کے عہد کا سب سے بڑاکارنامہ یہ ہے کہ حجاز صحیح معنیٰ میں بلداًا ٰمناً اور اس کا حرم درحقیقت مسلمانوں کے لیے حرم بن گیا۔انھوں نے فتنہ پرور و مفسد قبائل کی سرکوبی کرکے پورے ملک میں امن وامان اس طرح قائم کردیا تھا کہ ایک بڑھیا بھی تن تنہا اپنے مال واسباب کے ساتھ مکہ معظمہ تک بے خوف وخطر سفرکرسکتی تھی۔اس کے علاوہ مرحوم نے حرمین شریفین کے باشندوں کے لیے دینی و دنیوی تعلیم کابندوبست کیا اوراُن کی اقتصادی زبوں حالی جواُن کے لیے سب سے بڑی مصیبت تھی اُس کامداوا اس طرح کیا کہ آج وہاں فارغ البالی اور معاشی رفاہیت وخوش حالی کادوردورہ ہے۔حجاج کی راحت وآسائش کاسلطان مرحوم کو خاص خیال رہتا تھا اوراس سلسلہ میں وہ ایام حج میں صحت...
Almighty Allah bestowed honors and respect to mankind. Keeping in view the honor of mankind, Allah SWT blessed them also a purified, cleanse and Halal [permissible & Lawful] food. Moreover, the religious teachings are very clear and transparent in this regard to highlight the difference between what is beneficial and useful for them and what is harmful and injurious. Almighty Allah is very kind and compassionate to his servants and described definite commands and orders about such Animals which are adequate and effective to mankind and counts them in Halal category and otherwise are considered Restricted and Haram [impressible & unlawful]. So all kinds of animals which are harmful are prohibited with exception of their some body organs and which are useful are described with their all qualities are halal in mentioned divine religions i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Islam coupled with little changes in rulings about the use of body organs of impermissible animals like use of bones or skin etc. The paper emphasis on describing the disparities of three divine religions regarding the use of organs, skin of animals, bones and highlight their procedures of making them safe and useable for mankind. This study will lead us to know that which divine religion is more applicable and provides cleanse food to their followers along with having the status of eternity strength among three.
The present study was based on the development and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets of antiepileptic drugs using natural gums and polymers. The carbamazepine and Phenytoin sodium were selected as model drugs and 48 formulations were prepared for each drug. The wet granulation and solvent evaporation methods were applied for the preparation of sustained release formulations of each drug. The guar gum, xanthan gum, HPMC, CMC and PVP-K90 were used alone and in combination in various drug to polymer ratio and the sustaining effect of these formulations were evaluated. After preparation, all the formulations were evaluated for various physical characteristics. The angle of repose, LBD, TBD, compressibility index, content uniformity of granules and hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and drug content test were conducted for the evaluation of tablets. The drug release was studied using USP apparatus-I and various models like zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson- Crowell, and Korsmeyer were applied to the formulations in order to determine the drug release mechanism of these formulations. All the natural gums and polymers were subjected to prepare various formulations with drug to polymer ratio 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. Formulations in which the natural gums (guar gum and xanthan gum) were used alone with drug to polymer ratio 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. It was observed that both guar gum and Xanthan gum retards the drug release from the matrix tablets of both Carbamazepine and Phenytoin sodium up to 24 hours with drug to polymer ratio 1:2 formulation. Formulations containing HPMC alone as a sustaining agent retards the drug release for both the drugs up to 12 hours with drug to polymer ratio 1:2. CMC used in formulations alone as a retarding material, prolong the release of the drugs from the matrix tablets up to 8 hours with drug to polymer ratio 1:2. Similarly the polymers PVP-K90 were used alone in formulations where it sustained the drug release with drug to polymer ratio 1:2 up to 6 hours. It was also observed that when natural gums were incorporated with other polymers in formulations containing HPMC, CMC, and PVP-K90, enhance the sustaining effect as compared with the formulations prepared with polymers alone. It was observed that increasing polymers concentration decreased the release rate and enhanced sustaining effect. It was also seen that matrix tablets prepared by solvent evaporation method showed constant release, while those prepared by wet granulation method resulted fluctuation in release kinetics. Formulations prepared using natural gums with drug to gum ratios of 1:2 were subjected to in-vivo studies that showed promising results. Stability studies of successful formulations at normal and accelerated conditions were also carried out.