وکالت کی تحقیق فقہاء کرام کی نظرمیں

There has been described the meaning of Wakalat and its type. Who can be agent? What are the conditions of it? How it can be used? Where it is used? How it can be eliminated? What is the status of it in Current kinds of Cards? In which things the wakalat will be eligible. Allah has permitted for wakalat as it was mentioned in this article, because it is a necessary need of a human being without it one never can do all around his works, issues and important goods. For Wakalat it is very credible that Wakeel must has experience in the relevant subject without experience he can give countless loss for his Mowakkil, as well as be eligible, trustful, honest, sensible, aware of current affairs. Existence of wakalat has been described by all jurispru-dence and religious scholars divided Wakalat in two types (1) common Wakalat (2) special Wakalat and their command according to the holy Quraan and sunnat. What is the command of wakalat in almighty Allah’s affairs? Is it allowed or prohibited according to the Islamic point of view.  

Co-Ordination of Gatifloxacin With Metal Ions and Their Analogues

The stability constants of gatifloxacin-metal complexes have been studied potentiometrically. The stability constant of the gatifloxacin metal complexes were calculated using a potentiometric method.For this purpose potentiometric data were computed through PSEQUAD Software. Stoichiometry of the complexes was calculated by Job’s method and mole ratio at different pH ranging from 4 to 9.During the stoichiometric determination of gatifloxacin-metal complexes at different pH, 1:1 ratio of metal to ligand at lower pH and 1:2 ratio of metal to ligand at higher pH were employed. For thermodynamic parameters like ∆?, ∆? and ∆? of gatifloxacin metal complexes were determined by pH titration at different temperatures (i.e. 30 ºC, 35 ºC, 40 ºC, 45 ºC and 50 ºC). The pH titration data were used for calculation of ???? values by PSEQUAD computer program. Graphs were plotted for ??? versus 1/?.The slope of this graph represents (−∆?/?) and the intercept is (∆?/?).The changes in ???? values at different temperatures were examined and enthalpy and entropy values were determined for ML and ML2 of gatifloxacin complexes. Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin complexes were synthesized with different metal ions including Mg(II), Al(III), Ca(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and their structures were determined by spectrophtometric techniques like UV and IR. Stability studies of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were carried out under accelerated and long term conditions.Thermo lab stability chamber model T90008008 was used for that purpose. For accelerated stability studies, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were kept at 40 °C ± 2 °C at humidity RH 75% ± 5% and nil intensity of light (illuminate degree) was applied for six months.For long term stability conditions, at 30 °C ± 2 °C, humidity RH 70% ± 5% and nil intensity of light (illuminate degree) was applied for 12 months. No significant changed were observed on gatifloxacin under accelerated and long term conditions. In order to monitor the stability studies, the HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were developed as per ICH guide line. IR spectra were also obtained for identification of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were during stability studies. xix In-vitro biological activities (antibacterial and antifungal) of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin and their metal complexes were performed.It was found that the metal complexes are more active as compared to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.