الرّسم العثماني وأثره على المعاني القرآنية

The Holy Qur’an is miraculous in its words, methods, organization, statements, drawings and writing, as cited and agreed by all researchers, we aim through this research to: define the Ottoman drawing in Arabic language, terminologically, demonstrating its benefits, the rule of commitment to it, weighing between sayings, demonstrating its six rules, explaining and discussing the differences between the Quranic words drawings and mentioning several examples. The most important results of this research are: 1- The opinion which comforts one's self is the commitment to Ottoman drawing, and not to be written by modern spelling methods. 2- The Ottoman drawing has multiple benefits and advantages, which are not available in any other, so that it attracts commitment and reservation. 3- It has a very significant concurrence between the drawing and the meaning of the words and verses of Quran. 4- The Qura’nic word drawing strengthens the meaning and gives the full dimensions; achieving the honesty of Allah's saying: "and whose words can be truer than those of Allah?". 5- The letters' contiguity of Quranic word, knowing its characteristics embodies the meaning with the best picture. 6- The miracle of Ottoman drawing is a modern issue that Abdalaziz Ad-Dabbagh calls the most famous and the oldest one who declared this.        The most important recommendations made in this article are: 1- Conducting more researches about the benefits of Ottoman drawing, where it still needs more studies to be conducted, and more thoughts and meditations. 2- The spread of Ottoman drawing commitment culture between Quran teachers and students. 3- Obligating all Quranic associations that adopts Quran writing to write in Ottoman drawing, and prevent any other forms of writing. 4- Obligating all students and researchers to depend on Ottoman drawing through their studies and researches; which establishes a promotion to spread its culture. 5- Guiding the researchers for more studies on this topic, throughout a focused studies and clear scientific plans.

Influence of "Txt-Speak" on the mechanics of Creative Writing: A Case study of BS Hons English Students At NUML

Influence of "Txt-Speak" on the mechanics of Creative Writing: A Case study of BS(Hons) English Students At NUML Writing has an influential position in educational setting as everyday students write different pieces of writing. Essay writing comes under the category of non-fiction creative writing. Students write different kinds of Essays in their colleges and universities. There are many mechanics of essay writing such as; spellings, punctuation marks, parts of speech, vocabulary and grammar etc. All of these mechanics make an essay intelligible and comprehensible. Any essay written without these mechanics look ‘shallow’. From the last few years, a discussion arose that all of these mechanics are declining due to the features of txt-speak. Present study focuses on to explore that whether txt-speak has any influence to bring the change in the mechanics of essay writing. For this reason, two questionnaires were developed. The purpose of developing two questionnaires was to get as original responses as possible. Conceptual frame work of the present study is related to the two motives of language change: Economy and Expressiveness. Through the analysis of second questionnaire it was found that features of txt-speak have both of these two motives of language change. In order to meet the objectives of the study, samples of the frequent users’ text messages and essay writings that features of txt-speak were prominent in the writings of the frequent users of texting. After this, comparison of the essay writings of frequent and non-frequent users shows that txt- speak is bringing change in two mechanics of writing such as parts of speech and spellings besides this there was no significant difference was observed with respect to punctuation marks. Present study also go against to the opinions of those people who say that language is declining due to txt- speak. It is a fact that whenever a new thing comes in society it is appreciated by some people and few other do not like this change. Present study also focuses on that it’s wrong to say txt-speak is good or bad rather it is totally up to the users of that language. When this language would have enough speakers then get status in society. For present study, through triangulation data was collected and it was analyzed through both ways; qualitatively and quantitatively.