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Socioeconomic Determinants and Consequences of Death Reiated Expenditures

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Bilal Maqbool

Department

Department of Economics, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

107

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss/ M.Phil / ECO / 682

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717209463

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پنڈاں اندر نہیں اے رونق۔۔۔

پنڈاں اندر نہیں اے رونق رُکھاں اتے شریہاں دی
چاٹی لسی مکھن والی تے خوشبو نہیں گھیاں دی
صوفے میزاں بیڈ ڈبل پئے گھر گھر نظریں اوندے نیں
نہیں کوئی منجی سوتر والی بیری والی ھیاں دی
کیوں مہنگائی دا رونا روئیے کوسیے کیوں حکومت نوں
روٹی جے کر پکدی ہووے سوہنی پنج ست جیاں دی
پتراں باہجھوں جی نیں بجھدا نہیں کلیجہ ٹھردا اے
بھانویں فوج بنی پئی ہووئے بھانجیاں تے بھتریاں دی
جس جہیز دی خاطر پیو دا لک دوہرا ہو جاندا اے
اوہ جہیز پھر ہٹ کے ٓاوے قسمت ویکھو دھیاں دی
بچیاں دی تربیت اندر رخنہ کوئی نہ رکھیے جی
اوہ عمارت کدی نہ ڈگے جیہڑی ڈونگیاں نیہاں دی
فیصل ٓاباد زراعت اندر اگے ودھیا جاندا اے
ایتھے پئی ٓازمایش ھوندی نویاں نویاں بیاں دی
ھن تاں ٓاکے مل جا سجناں نہ ترسا اس جندڑی نوں
ویکھ بہار پھلاں دی آئی نالے چھم چھم میہاں دی
گھوگھی طوطا نظر نہ ٓاوے چڑیاں وی گھٹ گیاں نے
انڈے نہیں ٹٹیہر دیندی نہ اوہ کوک پپیہاں دی

سکھ مت کا تصور توحید اور اس پر اسلامی تعلیمات کے اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ (گرو گرنتھ صاحب کی روشنی میں) An analytical study of the concept of monotheism in Sikhism and Islamic influences on it

The basic concept of monotheism is found in the teachings of Guru Nanak. There are basically two doctrinal things in Sikhism. One is the belief in the oneness of God and the other is the promotion of human brotherhood. In Guru Granth Sahib, the words of some devotees also convey the idea of polytheistic beliefs. However, as far as the words and ideas of Guru Nanak are concerned, they seem to be safe from polytheism. According to Sikh Dharma, God is the Creator and Almighty of the world and he is eternal. Guru Nanak's concept of God is similar to Islam's concept of monotheism. The monotheism of Sikhism as a whole is between Islam and Hinduism.  In addition to acknowledging the existence of God, Granth Sahib also acknowledges the greatness of the gods and goddesses. But Guru Nanak used to give the status of creatures to all these gods and goddesses. The philosophy of Wahdat-ul-Wujud is very strong in Sikhism. But in Islam and Sikhism there is a clear difference between the interpretations of the doctrine of Wahdat-ul-Wujud and Wahdat-ul-Shuhud. Undoubtedly, Guru Nanak was deeply influenced by the concept of monotheism in Islam. Similarly, other Gurus have also stated contradictory teachings in their discourse on monotheism in Granth Sahib.

Exploring the Perceptions of Secondary Schools Science Teachers About Nature of Science

Science teachers' perceptions and understanding of Nature of Science (NOS) is central to scientific literacy worldwide. This qualitative case study aimed to explore the perceptions of nine secondary school science teachers about NOS from six private schools of Gilgit. The three important tenets of NOS relevant to school science were, science being tentative in nature, empirical nature of science and scientific laws and theories. The schools and participants; three teachers from each discipline; chemistry, biology and physics were chosen through purposive sampling. Data was collected via two tools which were written in English and Urdu. The research tool, Views of Nature of Science (VoNOS) had six open-ended questions to be answered in written, while Nature of Science Research Protocol (NOSRP) was a semi-structured interview tool with four critical incidents to elicit verbal responses which were audio-taped with their consent. The data was thematically analyzed after transcription, verbatim, translation from Urdu to English and coding.Their responses were categorized into the three predominant themes as informed, adequate and inadequate by using a rubric adapted from Khan (2014). The results were noteworthy; it was revealed that despite not having read explicitly about NOS participants' held informed perceptions about science being tentative and empirical NOS. They believe that science is not fixed rather it is an on-going process, based on observation, experimentation and inferences. However, majority had adequate perceptions about laws and theories. They believed that that theories and laws are different but sometimes theories can convert into laws when proven right. Hence, this study recommends that the stake holders need to revisit the content of textbooks for updated knowledge about laws and theories and add many examples regarding it. The findings of this study can help science teachers, educators and researchers to understand the three aspects of NOS and become aware of the misconceptions about them.