پاکستانی دستور میں حکمرانوں کا تصور استحقاق اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

Constitution is the basic code of every state system. There are laws for state administration, discipline and rulers in constitution. There are some privileges for the rulers in the Pakistani constitution. Among the privileges that Pakistani rulers have, laws of exception, protocol and luxury packages or facilities are included. In Pakistani constitution, the rulers also enjoy these privileges and according to the rules and regulation of parliament and senate. Our Constitution does not provide Parliamentarians any specific immunity against criminal actions as has been granted to the President as well as the Prime Minster. The only specific protection enjoyed by a Minister/Prime Minister is for official actions under powers of their office. The right of lessen or amendment in Sharīʻah penalty of the President of Pakistan is not right according to the Islamic Sharīʻah. But he can utilize honorary rights in criminological penalty. The Governor has the authority to dissolve the Provincial Assembly under certain circumstances during the emergency situation. If the ruler uses the option of freedom of opinion with deception, dishonesty and contempt of court then he should also be answerable. Sometimes rulers misuse their privileges and even exceed their powers. Discretionary options of the rulers must be under public interests. Such privilege rules must be amended which reflect inequality between rulers and masses. It is necessary to put the honorary rights of rulers under logic and there must be a law of behold for the unlawful usage of authority, so that the bad utilization of these laws can be prevented. Such reserved rights must be amended which enhance the concept of un-equity between the rulers and public. For the better administration harmony among the public and administration is necessary. In this research paper we will analyze the concept and importance of privileges mentioned in the Constitution of Pakistan in the light of Islamic teachings.

Weed Management Studies in Sugarcane Saccharum Officinarum L. .

Impact of planting techniques, weed-crop competition periods, and weed control methods on yield potential of spring planted sugarcane variety HSF-240 was studied at Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. The study was comprised of two experiments laid out in RCBD with a split-plot arrangement, quad replicated, with net plot size of 3.6m x 10m. In both experiments, two planting techniques viz. 60 cm apart rows in flat sowing technique and 120 cm apart rows in trench sowing technique were randomized in main plot. In first experiment seven weed-crop competition periods viz. throughout full season weed free, weed-crop competition for 45 days after sowing (DAS), 60 DAS, 75 DAS, 90 DAS, 105 DAS, and full season weed-crop competition were kept in sub plots. In second experiment, eight weed control methods viz. ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 750 g a.i. ha -1 , ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 750 g a.i. ha -1 + 4% urea, ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 562 g a.i. ha -1 + 4% urea, manual hoeing, ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 750 g a.i. ha -1 + mechanical weed control, ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 375 g a.i. ha -1 + sorghum & sunflower water extract each @ 15 L ha -1 and ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 187.5 g a.i. ha -1 + sorghum & sunflower water extract each @ 15 L ha -1 were randomized in subplots. Results revealed that on two years average, trench sowing by yielding 73.65 t ha -1 stripped cane yield, significantly superseded the flat sowing which gave 65.08 t ha -1 stripped cane yield. On the average of two years, zero competition (weed free throughout the season) recorded 92.21 t ha -1 stripped cane yield, significantly higher than any weed- crop competition period. However, weed-crop competition for 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 DAS gave 104.26, 85.22, 75.40, 42.63, and 40.17 % stripped cane yield, respectively over weedy check. In second experiment, trench sowing gave significantly higher stripped cane yield of 76.20 t ha -1 than 71.40 t ha -1 in flat sowing technique. In weed control methods, ametryn + trifloxysulfuron @ 750 g a.i. ha -1 + mechanical weed control gave significantly higher stripped cane yield of 101.68 t ha -1 than all weed control methods as well as weedy check which gave 37.28 t ha -1 . Different weed control methods gave 18.03 to 179.29 % higher stripped cane yields over weedy check.