حکم الانتفاع بالمرھون عند الفقهاء: دراسة مقارنة

Islam is a complete code of life and dominant upon all the faculties of life. Along with creed faith and worship, Islam has emphasized on the affairs of daily life. In the connotation of affairs all the components of sale and purchase mentioned in detail. Accordingly, there is a provision if someone sell a thing to another and the buyer is not eligible to pay the price then there should be written a statement in the presence of two witnesses to pay the price in fix time. If there is neither witness nor the arrangement of writing, so there should be mortgaged something from the buyer. When the buyer pay a loan then the seller should return the mortgaged thing. The originality of mortgage is for the protection of loan not for profit. In present era the purpose of mortgage has changed and is done it for getting profit. Although some imams and Ahl-e-Zawaher provide the capacity for getting profit, so the Jamhoor and Ahnaf don’t allow anyone to get it. To change the original shape of mortgage is illegitimate and is considered as usury. If there is no custom in a certain territory and the man who offer loan does not intend to get profit then with the permission of the person who has received loan __provides the facility to get profit, However to avoid this practice is far better in shariah. In the article understudy the originality of mortgage and dissension among different Imams to get profit from it has been discussed. In the end a crucial statement has been mentioned.

Sociological Study of Behavioral Change in Textile Manufacturing Organizations of Punjab, Pakistan: in Context of Global Business Culture

The prime objective of the research was to study the diffusion process and impact of the global business culture being brought by globalization on local business culture, which has longstanding roots. Several variables like age, education, income, marital status, family living pattern and background of the respondents were seen in the context of global business culture in order to measure the impact and duration of change. Some intervening variables like stress, motivation and rewards, achievement and encouragement, planning and decision making, performance appraisal system, politics, training and development, acceptance and adoption towards change, level of understanding other culture, loyalty and commitment and perception, were also analyzed in pursuit of the study objectives. The study was conducted in 100 export based textile organizations by selecting five personnel of upper and middle levels from each organization, who selected randomly. Quantitative approach used in this study to assess the impact of the global culture on local business. A random sampling design was used for the selection of employees from all the organizations. Pre-testing was carried out to examine the workability of the measuring instrument. The data were analyzed by appropriate statistical techniques including univeriate, biveriate, and multiple linear regression analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings showed that several independent and intervening variables effect on behavior of people who were working in export base textile organizations. Findings revealed that employees, under global business culture, have become more planed, systematic and scientific in their attitudes. This was also emerged from analysis that survival in business organizations demands adoption and changes in behaviour. It is suggested that government should formulate comprehensive policies to create strong relationship between social scientists and business managers for maximum productivity from the global culture. It is also suggested that business organizations must incorporate monetary and non monetary benefits to the employees who adopt modern values for organizational benefits and also disseminate it.