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B/K *U=U-: A Yardstick for New Physics

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Idrees

Supervisor

Muhammad Jamil Aslam

Department

Department of Physics, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

65

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS / M.PHIL /PHY/ 1121

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717244096

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۔غزل

غزل۔۔۔ڈاکٹرالیاس عاجز

مری  آہ  و  فُغاں   سُن   کر   خفا   دربار   ہیں  مُجھ  پر
مَیں  باغی  ہوں  مگر   پہلے  بغاوت   کا  سبب  جانو
اِدھر   بے    زار   ہوں   مَیں   حاشیہ   بردار   ٹولے   سے
اگر   حکمِ   اطاعت   ہے   تو    پھر    یہ   یاد  رکھ  لینا
سُبُک   سر   لوگ   بستی  کے   مرا   اب   خوں بہاٸیں گے
اسیری   میں  حُرِیَّت   کی   فضا    میں   خود  بناٶں  گا
مَیں بیعت  کر  تو سکتا  ہوں مگر  پھر جھوٹ پر  مبنی
مرے  لفظوں میں  رنج  و  غم  سمٹ  آتا   ہے   اُمَّت  کا
نہ  سمجھو  کھیل  لفظوں کا  یہ  دل کو چیر نکلے  ہیں

 

یہ لکھتے اُن کی جانب  سے  کٸی  اخبار  ہیں  مُجھ  پر
وگرنہ  ہتھکنڈے  اوچھے سبھی  بے  کار   ہیں  مجھ  پر
اُدھر    ظِلِّ    اِلٰہی   بھی    بڑے    قہار   ہیں  مُجھ  پر
حُسینی   ہوں  کٸی  واجب  ابھی   انکار   ہیں  مجھ  پر
کہ کھینچے شش جِہَت سے  تیر اور تلوار  ہیں  مجھ  پر
فلک  تک  پھر اُٹھاٸے  جو  دَر  و  دیوار   ہیں  مُجھ  پر
قصیدے   شاہ   کے  لکھنا  بڑے   دُشوار  ہیں  مجھ  پر
کہ  ماضی حال و مستقبل  سبھی  بیدار  ہیں  مجھ  پر
وَرُودِ جسم  و جاں عاجز جو  بھی اشعار  ہیں  مجھ  پر

EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA POWER POINT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS III SD INPRES PARANG MAKASSAR

This study aims to (1) examine the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in class III SD Inpres Parang Makassar using power point media; (2) assessing the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in grade III SD Inpres Parang Makassar without using power point media; (3) examining the effectiveness of power point media to improve learning outcomes for reading comprehension of third grade students of SD Inpres Parang Makassar. This study used an experimental research design with a posttest only control design. The population of this research is the third grade students of SD Inpres Parang Makassar. The data that had been collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and parametric inferential statistics type T Test that were processed using the SPSS version 20 windows computer program. The results of hypothesis testing show that (1) the value of t-count shows the number -9.708 with sig. (2 tailed) = 0.000. At the 95% significance level with 46 degrees of freedom. Because the significance value or p-value <0.005, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected or in other words the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in the experimental class in the learning outcomes of students in class IIIB SD Inpres Parang Makassar. The use of power point media to improve students' reading comprehension learning outcomes of SD Inpres Parang Makassar is more effective using power point media. This can be seen from the t-test calculation of -9.708 with db = 46 at the 5% significance level. These results indicate that the price p = 0.000. The p value is less than 0.05.  

Evaluation of Biological Potential of Quercus Dilatata L. and Isolation of Active Compounds

Natural products have been the mainstay in treating debilitating and multipronged diseases since the dawn of medicine. The current study was designed to isolate and characterize biologically active lead compounds from an underexplored medicinal folklore Quercus dilatata L. Total 42 extracts from each of the aerial parts, nut shells and galls were prepared using sonication aided maceration as the extraction procedure. The extract library was subjected to a range of phytochemical and in vitro bioassays in order to identify most functional plant part and extraction solvent for preparative extraction. Phytochemical investigation comprised of standard colorimetric assays to determine phenolic and flavonoid contents while, RP-HPLC was carried out to establish polyphenolic profile. MTT assay was employed to determine leishmanicidic activity against Leishmania tropica whereas disc diffusion assay was performed to elucidate antibacterial, antifungal and protein kinase inhibitory spectrum. Starch-iodine chromogenic assay determined the α-amylase inhibitory potential while brine shrimp lethality. MTT and SRB assays were used to find cytotoxic potential of the subject plant. Among all extracts, maximum gallic acid equivalent phenolics and quercetin equivalent flavonoids were quantified in distilled water-acetone aerial parts extract (21.37±0.21 μg GAE/mg DW) and methanol-ethyl acetate galls extract (5.28±0.30 µg QE/mg DW) respectively. RP-HPLC revealed the presence of substantial amount of various phenolics (from 0.049±0.01 to 15.336±1.55 μg/mg extract) including pyrocatechol, gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pcoumaric acid, ferulic acid and quercetin in aerial parts extracts. Maximum reducing power potential and total antioxidant capacity was recorded in methanol-ethyl acetate and distilled water extract of galls i.e. 50.76±1.0 and 48.57±1.1 µg AAE/mg DW respectively. Highest free radical scavenging efficiency was exhibited by methanolethyl acetate aerial parts extract (IC50 8.1±0.5 µg/ml). A noteworthy leishmanicidic potential (IC50 12.91 μg/ml) was exhibited by the ethyl acetate-acetone aerial parts extract whereas, maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 12.5 µg/ml) was manifested by ethyl acetate aerial parts extract. Substantial protein kinase (PK) inhibition (28±0.35 mm of bald zone of inhibition) was exhibited by methanol extract of aerial parts. Ethyl acetate galls extract showed 52.5±2.75% inhibition of α-amylase activity. Chloroform-methanol aerial parts extract showed maximum cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae with IC50 value of 34.54 μg/ml while significant cytotoxicity against THP-1 and Hep G2 cells was shown by nhexane and ethanol aerial part extracts with inhibition of 46.73±0.85% and 82.52±1.45% respectively. Keeping in view the abovementioned results, aerial part was selected for preparative extraction with chloroform-methanol (1:1) as its extraction solvent. Preparative extract (QDC) was partitioned through solvent-solvent extraction and the resulting fractions (QDN, QDE, QDB, QDA) were biologically evaluated to prospect fraction hits for lead development. Maximum α-amylase and leishmanisidic activities were revealed by QDE i.e. 52.44±3.21% and 83.0±2.35% respectively. QDN was found to possess maximum cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 (50.7±3.24%), MDA-MB 231 (40.0±2.31%) and Hep G2 (46.3±1.54%) cell lines whereas, QDB had the highest free radical scavenging potential (IC50 17.55 µg/ml). Maximum inhibition of TNF-α activated NF-κB (67.90±3.27%) and NO production in LPS-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (84.90±2.01%) was shown by QDE. QDN was found to be most active in aromatase inhibition assay (61.11±3.76%) and quinone reductase 1 induction assay (induction ratio=7). On the basis of aforementioned results, QDN was selected as hit fraction for leads isolation and was subjected to normal phase gravity and medium pressure liquid column chromatography to yield 4 compounds (QDN2, QDN4, QDN5 and QDN9). Biological evaluation of compounds suggested that maximum α-amylase, PK and antipromastigote activities were presented in case of QDN5 i.e. 19.5±2.30%, 6.5±0.10 mm ZOI and 48.0±2.30% respectively. Likewise, QDN5 showed maximum inhibition against MCF-7 (54.2±1.54%), MDA-MB-231 (43.7±2.40%) and Hep G2 (45.2±3.50%) cancer cell lines. QDN5 showed maximum cancer chemopreventive proficiency via inhibition of NF-κB (65.42±9.70%) and NO production (78.0±1.10%) assays followed by QDN2 with 63.0±5.30 and 65.1±3.20% inhibition of NO production and NF-κB respectively. X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic studies characterized the structure of QDN2, QDN4 QDN5 and QDN9 as friedelin, 3epifriedelinol, glutinol and taraxerol respectively. In principle, the results of the current study endorses Q. dilatata as a substantial source of bioactive lead compounds.