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Application of Seismic Refraction Technique to Amp Bed-Rock in Pattan/Dubair Khwar Kohistan

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Idrees

Department

Deptt. of Earth Sciences, QAU.

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1996

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

21

Subject

Earth Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Sc ES/139

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676717245059

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ڈاکٹر عبدالجلیل فریدی

ڈاکٹر عبدالجلیل فریدی
افسوس ہے گذشتہ ماہ ڈاکٹر عبدالجلیل فریدی اکسٹھ برس کی عمر میں ہم سے جُدا ہوگئے۔ مرحوم ایک نہایت بلند مرتبہ اور ماہرِ فن ڈاکٹر کی حیثیت سے ریاست میں ہرجگہ معروف اور مشہور تھے ، لیکن عملی سیاسیات کے میدان میں گامزن ہوئے ابھی انھیں دس بارہ برس ہی ہوئے تھے،اس کے باوجود وہ اس شان اور کروفرکے ساتھ اپنی ریاست کے آسمان ِ سیاست پر نمودار ہوئے کہ پرانے چراغ جھلملا کے رہ گئے۔ ان کی سیاست اگر چہ اتر پردیش تک محدود رہی،لیکن ان کی غیر معمولی شخصیت کاوقار اوروزن پورے ملک کے مسلمانوں میں ہر جگہ محسوس کیا جاتا تھا۔اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ مرحوم جذبہ اورعمل دونوں کے انسان تھے، نہایت جری،بے باک اورصاف گوتھے۔ان کی سیاست شترگربگی یامنافقت کے عیب سے پاک وصاف تھی۔اورسب سے بڑھ کریہ کہ سیاست کوجلب منفعت کا ذریعہ بنانے کے بجائے انھوں نے چند در چند مالی نقصانات برداشت کیے اور اپنی کمائی کے لاکھوں روپئے اپنے کازپر بے دریغ خرچ کرڈالے۔اخلاق وعادات کے اعتبارسے بھی وہ بڑی خوبیوں کے مالک تھے ۔عقیدہ اورعمل میں پکے اورسچے مسلمان، ہمدرد ومتواضع، خوش اخلاق وخوش طبع تھے، اس بنا پر مخالفین بھی ان کاادب واحترام کرتے تھے۔ عارضۂ صدر میں مبتلاتھے، روس اور یورپ میں اعلیٰ سے اعلیٰ علاج کرایا مگرمرض نہ گیا۔ایک مرتبہ بڑی حسرت سے بولے : میں نے ڈاکٹر کی حیثیت میں تین لاکھ مریضوں کے ہاتھ دیکھے ہیں،لیکن آج خود اپنا ہاتھ دیکھتا ہوں توحسرت ہوتی ہے ۔آخر یہی مرض جان لیوا ثابت ہوا اوروہ خدا کو پیارے ہوگئے۔ا للّٰھمَّ اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔ [جون ۱۹۷۴ء]

 

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Wealth in history is remembered in the name of the Abbasid’s, golden era. In this era of economic and intellectual empire blossomed in every way. Edit the narration started and completion is the result of the round. Hadith aortal examine the art of perfection reached in the same period. Greek Studies moved into Arabic. According to a group of scholar's Asulyyin (اوصنییل )the first code of Islamic Jurisprudence wrote by Imam Shafi"Split"(ارلاےئ (is not currently forming, came to limelight. In this era of Islamic history, the main issue was the establishment of the four Reformative schools and his publicity

Evaluation of Acer Pentapomincum for Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles, its Characterization, Pharmacological Importance and Micropropagation

Acer pentapomicum (Family Aceraceae) is commonly known as maple plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate A. pentapomicum for biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles, its characterization, pharmacological importance and micro propagation. A. pentapomicum leaves mediated gold and silver nano-particles were successfully synthesized by reacting 1ml of aqueous leaves extract with different ratios of 1mM AuCl3 and AgNo3 solutions. The synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles were confirmed and characterized by visual observation, UV-Visible-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR analysis. Color change from yellowish to dark purple and to reddish brown confirmed the gold and silver nanoparticles synthesis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were stable at 25-35°C, at pH 7-8 and in the presence of millimolar salt (NaCl) solution. Biosynthesized nanoparticles display a characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 568nm (AuNps) and 450nm (AgNps) in UV-Visible spectrum. SEM and EDX analysis also confirmed the presence and synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with spherical morphology. XRD patterns reveals the cubic, face centered, crystalline nature of gold and silver nanoparticles. The leaves mediated silver nanoparticles, however, were efficiently produced at a temperature range of 35-55°C and an optimum pH of 6-7. The average size of the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles found to be in the range of 18-25nm. The FTIR analysis of gold and silver nanoparticles affirmed the presence of certain biomolecules (carboxylic acid, flavonoids, phenols) that act as reducing and capping agent for leaves mediated nanoparticles synthesis. Agar well diffusion method was carried out for potent biocidal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against different bacterial, fungal and candida strains. Both synthesized nanoparticles showed potent bactericidal, fungicidal and candidacidal activities. However, Klebseilla pneumonia with growth inhibition of 91% was the most susceptible microbe to gold nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activities of A. pentapomicum (leaves and stem) extracted with different organic solvents were also evaluated using Agar disc diffusion and well diffusion bioassay. Leaves extracted samples showed better biocidal activities than stem extracted samples. The most susceptible bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (79-94%) and Escherichia coli (87-91%), while, the least susceptible was Staphylococcus aureus (26-50%). Citrobacter freundi was the most resistant microbe to different plant extracts. Aspergillus niger was the most inhibited fungal species by both stems and leaves extracts followed by Rizopus oryzae. Regarding the antioxidant activity, different plant extracts and its synthesized nanoparticles possessed proficient antioxidant activity. However, methanolic extract of leaves and ethyl acetate extract of stem recorded maximum antioxidant activity. Gold nanoparticles showed better antioxidant activity than silver nanoparticles. When evaluated for phytotoxic activity, all plant extracts proved to be toxic against Lemna minor, revealing Butanol extract with maximum toxicity (87%). The qualitative analysis of different solvent extracted fractions confirmed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, fixed oil, carbohydrates, and proteins etc. A successful micro propagation protocol for the shooting was developed and it was found that full strength woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with BAP + IAA (2+0.5 mg l-1), recorded maximum shoot induction. Based on these results the plant can be efficiently used for safe, ecofriendly nanoparticles production, and as a biocidal, an antioxidant and a herbicidal agent.