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The Rise of Sub - Nationalism in Pakistan: A Case Study of Baloch Nationalist Movement in Balochistan

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Idrees Kakar

Department

Department of International Relations, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

156

Subject

International Relations

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M. Phil I.R 312

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717246247

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مولانا عبدالمجید حریری

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دوسرا علمی حادثہ مولانا عبدالمجید حریری مرحوم کی وفات کا ہے، انھوں نے بھی گزشتہ مہینہ وفات پائی، مرحوم مدنپورہ بنارس کے ایک ممتاز انصاری خاندان سے تھے، عربی اور انگریزی دونوں زبانوں کے فاضل تھے، عربی کی تکمیل کے بعد انگریزی کی تعلیم علی گڑھ کالج میں حاصل کی تھی، اور اپنے دور کے ممتاز طلبہ میں تھے، یہیں سے خلافت اور نان کو اپریشن کی تحریک میں شریک ہوئے اور ایک زمانہ تک جنگ آزادی میں سرگرمی سے حصہ لیتے رہے، اس دور کے تمام بڑے بڑے لیڈروں سے ان کے تعلقات تھے، ہندوستان کی آزادی کے بعد حکومت ہند نے ان کو سعودی عرب میں قونصل جنرل مقرر کیا، کئی سال تک اس عہدہ پر رہے، اس سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد کچھ دنوں تک سعودی عرب کے پایہ تخت ریاض میں قیام رہا، مرحوم ہندوستان کے ممتاز صاحب علم تھے، عربی زبان پر ان کو اہل زبان کی جیسی قدرت حاصل تھی، مقرر بھی اچھے تھے، لیکن افسوس ان کے سیاسی ذوق نے ان کے علمی جوہروں کو چمکنے نہ دیا، ایک عرصہ سے اس کا دائرہ بھی مقامی سیاست تک محدود ہوگیا تھا، اس لئے وہ جس علمی شہرت کے مستحق تھے وہ ان کو حاصل نہ ہوسکی اور اب عرصہ سے خانہ نشینی اختیار کرلی تھی، وہ مسلکاً اہل حدیث تھے، لیکن ہر مسلک کے علماء اور اہل علم سے ان کے تعلقات تھے، دارالمصنفین کے بزرگوں سے بھی ان کے پرانے روابط تھے، اس سلسلہ میں کئی مرتبہ ان کا یہاں آنا ہوا گزشتہ سال ایک تقریب سے بنارس جانا ہوا تو ملاقات کے لئے ان کی خدمت میں بھی حاضر ہوا تھا، بہت ضعیف ہوچکے تھے دماغ بھی پوری طرح کام نہ دیتا تھا، تعارف کے بعد پہچانا اور بڑی شفقت و محبت سے پیش...

میڈیکل ٹیسٹ سے گواہی کی شرعی حیثیت: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

No society is safe from crimes hence with the passage of time, crimes amplify along with alteration in its nature. As the approaches of investigation and finding the crime develop, the ratio of crimes also increases and the casualties occur with new devices and techniques. On the other hand individual and collective endeavors are being made to stop it. The concerned authorities try to finish or decrease these crimes by formulating various new rules. The rules that the Creator and the real Owner of the whole world had bestowed upon us in the form of Islam, it includes the right and basic techniques to control the crimes. As the modern technology has facilitated us with many facilities, it has also facilitated us in finding a culprit or proofs against him that helps in the stoppage of crimes and finding the criminals. As this modern technology has brought a great reduction in the casualties and crimes, on the other hand we have also to face some legal and Islamic issues. One of these issues is the case of medical test for witness that whether the test of clinical laboratory can be accepted as witness

Isolation of Pesticides Degrading Bacterial Consortium and its Application for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater from agrochemical industries is disposed off without any treatment into nearby water bodies; hence there is a dire need to improve remediation approaches for its removal from environment. It is hypothesized that bacterial strains present in wastewater, after acclimatization, could use Chlorpyrifos (CP) as a sole source of carbon and energy and convert it into less toxic substances, both in free as well as immobilized form. Current study aimed at isolation of bacterial consortium capable of efficient CP biodegradation in mineral salt media (MSM), simulated pesticide wastewater (SWW) and real industrial wastewater (WW) in free and immobilized form. In order to produce environmentally stable immobilization matrix for bacterial consortium, potential of calcium alginate matrix coupled with polysulfone was investigated. Biodegradation potential of bacterial consortium isolated from wastewater and agricultural soil, for CP in MSM, SWW and WW was investigated. Bacterial consortium was immobilized in Calcium Alginate Microspheres (CAMs) and coated with polysulfone to produce environmentally stable macrocapsules (MCs). Bacterial strains were identified using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis as Pseudomonas kilonensis SRK1 (KT013088), Serratia marcescens SRK2 (KT013089), Bacillus pumilus SRK4 (KT013091), Achromobacter xylosoxidans SRK5 (KT013092) and Klebsiella sp. T13 (KT013093). About 98% CP removal was observed at initial CP concentration of 400 mg/L in 48 h in MSM when free cells were used as consortium. In WW bacterial consortium achieved ~29% removal efficiency of initial CP concentration (545 mg/L). After pH adjustment and addition of glucose in WW >97% CP removal efficiency was achieved in WW. MCs have high thermal, pH and chemical stability than CAMs. Complete biodegradation of CP (100-600 mg/L) was achieved using MCs within 18 h much less than free cells. CAMs and MCs retain >96% residual activity in MSM upto 5 and 13 cycles respectively. In WW >90 residual activity was maintained upto 11batches by MCs. MCs have shown unaltered biomass retention and residual activity (95%) over 16 weeks of storage. GCMS analysis has shown 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2methoxypyridine (TMP) and diethyl-thiophosphate (DETP) as metabolites. MCs have shown considerable benefits over free cells i.e. tolerance for higher CP concentration, complete removal in short duration, reusability, stability, protecting bacterial cells against nontargeted compounds present in wastewater. Study advances potential for field application of immobilized bacteria for biotreatment of pesticide contaminated wastewater.