ہفت افلاک کا عنوان ہوا کرتا تھا : جب ستارہ مر ا ذیشان ہوا کرتا تھا
چین اس کو بھی گھڑی بھر کو میسر نہیں تھا : اُن دنوں میں بھی پریشان ہوا کرتا تھا
اُن دنوں دھول تھی اتنی نہ دھؤاں پھیلا تھا : دیکھ لینا تجھے آسان ہوا کرتا تھا
خال و خد حسن کا معیار بڑھا دیتے ہیں : میں اُسے دیکھ کے حیران ہوا کرتا تھا
پھر کسی نے دلِ ویران کا در باز کیا : یہ علاقہ تو بیابان ہوا کرتا تھا
ہے کوئی اُس سا حسیں شخص تو آگے آئے
پورے کیمپس میں یہ اعلان ہوا کرتا تھا
٭
آج محفل میں اسے دیکھ کے یاد آئی بہت
داستاں چاند کی جو ہم نے سنی نانی سے
اس ستم گر سے مجھے زخم ملیں گے جتنے
وہ منالے گا مجھے اتنی ہی آسانی سے
جب سے آئے ہیں خریدار چراغوں کے نوید
تیرگی بڑھنے لگی شہر میں تابانی سے
His research paper is meant to explain the difficulties of translation of rhetorical and implicit meanings of Qur᾽ān into Urdu language as the translation of such meanings of Qur᾽ān is seriously a difficult job for reasons including the tacit relationship of meanings with the words’ structure and because these meanings take effect of social and mental characteristics of a particular group of people speaking a common language and also for the reason that the meanings change their position with the incessantly changing condition of mind and culture. Given the above facts the writer put forth analysis of four Urdu translations of Sūrah Al-Ḍuḥā after having studied their rhetorical aspects and implicit meanings in interpretations of different interpreters. The translations are as under. 1. Translation of Shaykh Abdul Qādir (d. 1233 A. H) named as “Maudihul Qur᾽ān”. 2. Translation of Aḥmad Raḍa Khan Braylvi (d. 1340 A. H) named as “Kanz ul ᾽Īmān fi Tarjama Al-Qur᾽ān” 3. Translation of Ashraf ‘Alī Thānvi (d. 1362 AH) with the name “Bayān Al-Qur᾽ān”. 4. Translation of Abdul Mājid Daryā Abādī (d. 1977 A. D) which is in literary style with attractive language. The writer has highlighted the lapses and shortcomings of these translations in rhetorical perspectives of Qur᾽ān and its implicit meanings and has also underlined the difficulties faced by these translators in a descriptive table. Findings and suggestions are given at the end.
The quality education is the hallmark for the growth of a nation which is contingent upon the quality of
teachers who sustain the environment where this manpower is shaped and in due course emerges as a
reckonable force. Thus the requirement to prepare and train teachers becomes a vital need for a country to
develop its human resource. Modern times dictate that educational measures be conceived, planned and
implemented wholesomely and in totality. It is in this regard that the two fields of Human Resource
Development (HRD) and education blend to evolve a sustainable system of teaching and training, targeting
the objectives of quality education.
Focused on the importance of training of teachers, the researcher selected a newly developed in-service
teacher training programme which was implemented under Education Sector Reform (ESR) programme in
Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) from year 2001-2005. Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), in the
beginning established a teacher training cell for its institutions in the rural and urban areas of Islamabad. The
present research is an evaluation of an in-service teacher training programme developed for the teachers of
primary and secondary school level. During 05 years, in-service training continued at FDE, adding maturity
and growth to the programme. For the data of the thesis a sample of 300 was picked up which comprised 50
Policy Makers, Planners, Administrators, Resource Centre Coordinators and Heads of Institutions, 50 Master
Trainers, Resource Persons of both genders and the third group of 200 Elementary and Secondary Trained
Teachers.
The tools of research are questionnaires, documents and open-ended discussion session. The research
objectives are focused on the analysis of contents, duration and schedule of training programme, strengths
and weaknesses and the problems faced by trainers, trainees and administrators for the three stages of pre-,
during and post training periods.The data collected through the questionnaires is analyzed by using
statistical techniques. Central tendency was used as descriptive statistics whereas chi-square was used as
inferential statistics.
The main results of the study in terms of strengths are continuous professional development, training based
on TNA, willingness of participation, use of audio-visual aids and availability of information and resources at
the centres. The weaknesses analyzed highlighted selection procedure for training, training objectives, follow-
up plans, contradictions of assessment and perceptions at different levels. The researcher also made an effort
to prepare a research based model on in-service education for teachers (INSET) through the present study
with strong recommendations of making in-service teacher training a well structured system and linking in-
service training with career progression etc. to contribute towards an indigenous teacher training programme.
Thus blending the precepts of HRD for training of human resource, a teacher will not only emerge as a manager
of learning but will cultivate a student centered approach in the classroom enabling his students to become in
dependent learners.