مولانا محمد عثمان فارقلیط
مولانا محمد عثمان فارقلیط سے معارف کے ناظرین بخوبی واقف ہیں، وہ پلکھنہ ضلع میرٹھ کے رہنے والے تھے، لیکن ان کی زندگی کا بڑا حصہ دہلی میں بسر ہوا، وہیں مدرسہ علی جان میں انھوں نے اپنی تعلیم مکمل کی، وہ مذہباً اہل حدیث تھے، مگر مزاج میں بڑا اعتدال تھا، حنفیوں کے ساتھ بڑا خلاملا تھا، اپنے اصول میں پختہ تھے، مگر تخرب اور گروہ بندی سے کوسوں دور تھے، دوسروں سے ایسی محبت اور یگانگت کے ساتھ پیش آتے کہ کسی کو غیریت کا احساس نہ ہوتا، وہ جماعتی عصبیت کے بجائے اسلام کی وسعت اور ہمہ گیری کو پیش نظر رکھتے تھے، تعلیم کے زمانہ ہی سے مناظرہ سے دلچسپی تھی، فراغت کے بعد کچھ عرصہ تک یہی مشغلہ رہا، اس سلسلہ میں دہلی کے علاوہ مدراس، کلکتہ اور ملایا تک کے سفر کئے، ۱۹۲۹ء میں الجمعیۃ (سہ روزہ) کے سب اڈیٹر مقرر ہوئے، بلال احمد زبیری صاحب کے بعد ادارت کی پوری ذمہ داری ان کے سرپر آگئی، درمیان میں ’’مدینہ‘‘ میں بھی کچھ عرصہ کام کیا، تحریک آزادی میں نمایاں حصہ لینے کی وجہ سے الجمعیۃ بند ہوگیا تو لاہور چلے گئے اور ۱۹۴۷ء تک ’’زمزم‘‘ کی ادارت کے فرائض انجام دیتے رہے۔ ۱۹۴۷ء میں ملک کی تقسیم کے بعد دہلی واپس آگئے اور اسی سال دسمبر میں روزنامہ الجمعیۃ کا اجرا ہوا تو وہ اس کے اڈیٹر مقرر ہوئے، ان کے مضامین قوت استدلال دلنشین طرز تحریر اور موثر انداز بیان کی وجہ سے بہت پسند کئے جاتے تھے، ۲۶ سال تک وہ برابر الجمعیۃ سے وابستہ رہے، ۱۹۷۳ء میں جب صحت نے بالکل جواب دے دیا اور ضعف حد سے زیادہ ہوگیا تو مجبوراً اس خدمت سے سبکدوش ہوئے، لیکن جمعیۃ علمائے ہند سے ان کا دلی تعلق برابر قائم رہا اور جمعیۃ بھی ان...
lam is a Moderate ShariahAll its orders are free from
exaggeration. Islam gives relaxation in the man's
natural instincts and desires and checks to cross such
limits which are based on the Principles of Prohibition.
That is why, the one hand[ man is stopped strictly to
do any wrong act while on the other side it was
necessary to provide the others suitable and fair ways
for catharsis.
Moreover, it is the requirement of the man's mental and
Shariah need. That there should be a legitimate contact
between man's and woman's relationship-it is
called"Nikah" in the light of the Holy Qura ’n and the
Hadis.In terms of Nikah it must complete authority to
men and women for their likings and disliking and the
guardians are strictly forbidden to use enforcement and
an the other side motivate both male and female that
they should take their guardians in confidence while
taking any step in this context
Different concentrations of nickel (Ni) are ubiquitously distributed in nature. Ni is released into the environment as a result of natural and anthropogenic sources. It ranks 24th among abundant elements in the earth crust. The inter and intraspecific responses of plant species including crop plants vary widely to excessive concentration of heavy metals in their growth medium. The performance of five Vigna species, viz. V. aconitifolia, V. cylindrica, V. mungo, V. radiata and V. unguiculata, were evaluated under various doses (50, 100 and 150 mg kg-1) using NiCl2.6H2O as a source of Ni. A series of green house experiments under simulated field conditions were conducted to assess germination, growth (shoot and root lengths (cm), fresh and dry biomass (g), number of nodules, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2) and chlorophyll a and b), yield (number of flowers, pods and seeds per pod) and for yield attributes (hundred seeds weight (g). In addition, macro nutrients (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in plant tissues and several biochemical attributes, malondialdehyde, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and non-enzymatic components (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, carotenoids) involved in antioxidative defense were evaluated. The pattern of bioaccumulation of Ni and its translocation in different plants parts were assessed. The data records for various attribute studied were made at different intervals (four, eight weeks and maturity). Ni induced a drastic decline in growth and biomass of plants, formation of nodules and chlorophyll a and b contents. The elevated level of Ni also induced a decline in yield and yield attributes. The estimation of different macronutrients in plant parts depicted a marked inhibition in the distribution of various macronutrients. Moreover, toxicity and accumulation of Ni in plant tissues considerably increased in a concentration dependent manner. Vigna species signify an exclusion approach for Ni tolerance as both bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) were less than 1.0. The Ni content of plants being root > shoot > leaves > seeds. Ni stress lead to oxidative stress, by enhanced production of ROS determined via MDA production. An affirmative relationship between MDA and Ni level was established. A dose dependent increase in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of antioxidative defense induced scavenging role to cope with metal stress. Overall, the Vigna species revealed Ni tolerance in an order of V. radiata > V. cylindrica > V. unguiculata > V. mungo > V. aconitifolia. The study clearly suggested that the acquisition of Ni tolerance in V. radiata followed by V. cylindrica seems to occur through an integrated mechanism of metal tolerance. It may arise from differential accumulation of Ni in the plant parts without damaging the tissues and considerable alteration of important growth parameters, along with chlorophyll biosynthesis. Moreover, the sustainable macronutrients uptake, stronger roots due to greater deposition of Ca2+ in their tissues and enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidative defense, restricted transfer of Ni to above ground tissues and seeds as well as exclusion capacity of the roots to bind appreciable amount of metal to them. Thus, metal tolerant potential of V. radiata and V. cylindrica could be of great significance to remediate metal contaminated soil owing lesser impact of Ni on macro-nutrients, hence the yield. Thus, these species can be a choice for abandoned soils contaminated with Ni.