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Seed Morphology As an Aid in Identification of Myrtaceae in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Luqman

Department

Department of Plant Sciences, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iii, 92

Subject

Plant Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS / M.Phil / BIO / 5087

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717298733

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اک سی چڑی تے اک سی کاں

اک سی چڑی تے اک سی کاں

کسے پنڈ وچ اک چڑی تے کاں رہندے سن۔ ایہناں دے گھر نالوں نال سن تے اوہ وکھرا وکھرا کم کردے سن۔ چڑی نے سوچیا کہ کیوں نہ میں تے کاں مل کے کوئی کم کر لیے تاں جے آمدن وچ وادھا ہو سکے۔ اوہ کاں نوں مکئی بیجن دی صلاح دتی۔ کاں نے فوراً حامی بھر لی۔ چڑی نے آکھیا کہ رل کے محنت کراں گے جدوں مکئی پک جاوے گی تاں حصہ ادھا ادھا کر لواں گے۔ محنت وی برابر دی ہووے گی تے حصہ وی برابر دا ہووے گا۔ کاں نے حامی بھر لئی۔ چڑی نے کاں نوں آکھیا کہ ساہنوں اج توں ای اپنا کم شروع کر دینا چاہی دا اے تاں دوجیاں دی مکئی پکن توں پہلاں ساڈی مکئی پک جاوے تے ساہنوں چنگا منافع ملے۔ کاں نے آکھیا تیری گل ٹھیک اے۔

اگلے دن چڑی نے کاں نوں سویرے سویرے جاگا دتا تے کھیت وچ ہل چلاوان لئی جان دا آکھیا کاں نے جواب دتا۔

’’چل چل توں میں آیا۔ دو بکریاں تلکایاں۔ میری موجاں لائیاں۔ ٹھم ٹھم کردا میں آیا۔‘‘

چڑی اکلی کھیت چلے جاندی اے تے سارا دن ہل واہ کے شام نوں گھر واپس آندی اے۔ اوس نوں بہت افسوس ہوندا اے کہ کاں نے اوس دا ہل چلاون وچ ساتھ نئیں دتا۔ اگلے دن چڑی نے مڑکاں نوں سویرے سویرے جگایا تے آکھیا زمین تیار اے اج مکئی دا بی پانا اے۔ چل جا کے چھیتی چھیتی کم ختم کرئیے۔ کاں نے فیر پہلاں والا ای جواب دتا۔ جواب سن کے چڑی کھیت ول بی کھلارن لئی چلے جاندی اے۔ شام نوں گھر آ کے اوس کاں نال کم نہ کروان دی شکایت کیتی۔ کاں نے...

خلافت اور جمہوریت نتائج و عواقب عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں

Islām is a complete code of life. Man is the vicegerent and representative of Allāh. The role of vicegerent and caliphate can only be fulfilled in a complete manner, when the system of the Islamic Caliphate is established. It is the duty of Muslims to endeavor for establishing such a system in the world. The caliphate is the political title of Islām. It is, actually, the sovereignty of Almighty God on the earth. God creates its sovereignty by selecting the pious people from the humankind. With the help of Caliphate, unity, strength and equality can be established in the Muslim world. Democracy is the system of government, which is based on the wishes of the majority of the people of a state. However, the real democracy is the one in which wishes of people are directly or indirectly catered. An ideal democracy is the one in which all affairs of the country are run with the consultation of all the people. If the affairs of any state are run by the majority of the people, then that state will move towards its destruction. Allāh says, “O Muhammad.. ! If you obey most of the dwellers of the earth they will lead you astray from Allah’s way. ” The affairs of the Islamic state must not run by the wishes of the majority nor the minority of the people, but, on the values of truth and justice. The author of this paper presents a critical and comparative study of the Islamic Caliphate and democracy, and concludes that it is the Caliphate and not democracy, which is the true Islamic system of government.

Isolation, Identification and Screening of Bacteria from Cattle Gut As a Potential Probiotic Species for Use in Animal Feed

Balance diet is a basic factor in livestock productivity. Uneven and unbalanced dietary pattern is considered a major restriction for livestock development in Pakistan because it leads to decrease milk production, reproductive performance and growth rate of cattle. Livestock productivity can be increases by probiotics supplementation in cattle feed because they have ability to survive harsh gut environment, enhance digestion, improve microbial balance inside the gut and subsequently enhance milk production and growth rate. Cattle gut is rich source of probiotic species. There is still insufficient knowledge on indigenous probiotic species of livestock gastrointestinal tract. The present experiment was conducted to isolate and identify probiotic bacterial species from cattle gut at molecular level and to determine their probiotic potential. 35 pure bacterial strains were isolated from 30 fecal samples of healthy lactating Sahiwal cow. These strains were identified on the basis of morphological (colony morphology and gram staining), biochemical (catalase and oxidase test) and molecular characterization. Three strains (PBC-3, PBC-6 and PBC-9) were selected as probiotic strains based on their enzymatic potential (cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic ability) and survival ability to low pH. These isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (PBC-3), Pediococcus acidilacticii (PBC-6) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PBC-9) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results of present study illustrated that these three bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis , Pediococcus acidilacticii and Pediococcus pentosaceus) showed best probiotic potential and can be use in cattle feed in future.