2۔قتل شبہ عمد
کوئی شخص ، کسی کو ایسے ہتھیار سے مارے جس کی ضرب سے عام طور پر انسان نہیں مرتاجیسے کوڑا ، معمولی ڈنڈالیکن اگر مضروب اس چیز کی ضرب سے مرجاتا ہے تو یہ قتل شبہ عمد ہوگا۔
Modern day man has excelled in science to such an extent that revolutionary changes have been made in every walk of life. Those things which were impossible yesterday, are a reality today. One cannot deny the modern research and discoveries. Organ transplantation now a days is an important matter. The importance of this treatment is increase day by day, because this matter is related to the protection of ethical values on one hand. It seems that the use of Human organs and components is against the ethical value. On the other hand of some patients, organ translation is the only method of treatment and Shariah has allowed to fulfill human needs. In order to solve this problem two different view point will be sought to determine that whether this treatment is against the Quran and Sunnah or not.
The work presented in this thesis is devoted to digital image processing techniques using soft computing techniques and spline representations. In particular, it emphasizes on the problems of image interpolation for finding the optimal digital images. In this thesis, four image interpolation schemes are developed which utilize one of the soft computing techniques, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and newly constructed rational Ball Cubic B-spline representation, the cubic trigonometric B-spline representation, the quadratic trigonometric B-spline representation along with the rational cubic B-spline representation to get the resulting interpolated images. Genetic algorithms are used to get the optimal values of shape parameters in the description of the proposed B-spline representations. The proposed schemes are demonstrated with both gray scale and color digital images. Numerical results are collected in terms of well-known image quality metrics including Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structure SIMilarity (SSIM), Multi-Scale Structure SIMilarity (MS-SSIM) and Feature SIMilarity (FSIM) indices to analyze and compare the proposed interpolation schemes with each other and existing ones.