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Home > Application of Geo Physical Method to Explore the Aquifer and Evaluate its Parameter: Demarcation of Low Salinity Ground Water of Layyah Area

Application of Geo Physical Method to Explore the Aquifer and Evaluate its Parameter: Demarcation of Low Salinity Ground Water of Layyah Area

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Naeem Khan

Department

Department of Earth Sciences, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

54

Subject

Earth Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss. M.Phil / EAR / 1347

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717318278

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دنیا نال نہ جانی

دنیا نال نہ جانی

اُٹھ جاگ مسافر دور دیا ، تینوں قافلہ واجاں ماردا اے
اوہ آخر نوں پچھتاوے گا جو ستیاں رین گزاردا اے

ایتھے چار دناں دا واسا اے
اے دنیا کوڑ دلاسا اے
نہ اس گل دا بھرواسا اے
کدوں وجناں سد سرکار دا اے

تیرے محل تے ماڑیاں سجدے نیں
جدوں موت نگارے وجدے نیں
پھر محل ناں چنگے لگدے نیں
ایہہ سب کجھ ہن کس کار دا اے

دھن دولت مال کمایا توں
سوہنے رب نوں دلوں بھلایا توں
ناں درشن یار دا پایا توں
تینوں فکر رہیا گھر بار دا اے

ایس دنیا نال نہ جانا اے
اوتھے کسے نہ دکھ ونڈانا اے
چنگے عملاں ہی کم آنا اے
کر ذکر توں رب غفار دا اے

ایہہ دنیا رنگ برنگی اے
ایہدی ہر دم چال بے ڈھنگی اے
ایتھے رزق دی قادریؔ تنگی اے
کوئی پچھے نہ حال بیمار دا اے

Association of consanguineous marriages with congenital anomalies Cousin marriages and birth defects

Congenital anomalies are a major health problem all over the world; especially it is important cause of deaths and birth defects, chronic illness and disability in infants. The major cause of this is consanguineous marriages. Generation of cousin marriages have significant association with congenital anomalies Objective: To find out the association of consanguineous marriages with congenital anomaliespresent at the time of birthMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted at District Head Quarter Hospital, Okarafrom May to August, 2018. 100 adult individuals aged between 19 to 55 years, with and without cousin marriage of both genders were consecutively enrolled. Participants were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire, with prior written informed consent. Unwilling married individuals and individuals from other hospitals were not selected Results: According to resultsthere was a significant association between generation of cousin marriages with congenital anomalies present at the time of birth, as p value was 0.002Conclusions: Study concluded that the generation of cousin marriages has significant association with congenital anomalies present at the time of birth and due to cousin marriage 59% of the couples had congenital abnormalities in their children and 85% had genetic disorders.

Analytical Characerization of Some Indiginous Oils for Their Commercial Exploitation

Oil and fats whether for human consumption or for industrial purposes are largely derived from plant sources. To meet the increasing demand for edible oils and oilcakes, improvements are being made with conventional crops, as well as with other new sources of plant species, that have the ability to produce unique desirable oils. Therefore, several plants are now grown not only for food and fodder but also for a striking variety of products, including oils with nutritional and pharmaceutical attributes. This necessitates the search of new sources of indigenous oils. In the present study new native resource of oil i.e. Bauhinia seeds and apple seeds have been explored. The study is divided into five parts. In first and second part the physiochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, lipid bioactive, unsaponifiable content of extracted oil of three locally grown Bauhinia species (B. purpurea, B. variegata and B. linnaei) were evaluated. Analysis of fatty acid composition of oil samples revealed 13 fatty acids with chain length C14 to C24. The major fatty acids were Myristoleic acid (C14:1) and lignoceric acid (C24:0), linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid. Tocopherols (α-tocopherol, γ+β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherols) were identified and α-tocopherol is reported first time in this study. The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of Bauhinia species ranged 1.8-3.2%, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol were the major sterols which accounted for 84-92%. The proximate compositions of meal residue of all samples were also analyzed to determine the suitability of these seeds meal in animal feed formulations. The results revealed that Bauhinia species could be helpful in understanding the influence of cultivar / variety on the quality of oil. The study revealed that the seed oils of the Bauhinia species grown in Pakistan were found nutritionally important with higher amount of PUFA, tocopherols and sterols. In the third part of study the oxidative stability assessment was done by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oxidative stability index (OSI) method among three Bauhinia species (B. purpurea, B. variegata and B. linnaei), rice bran and cotton seed oil. B. purpurea oil showed highest oxidative stability. Excellent calibration was achieved between ivDSC T 0 and OSI measurements. The coefficients of correlation were highly significant (P < 0.01) for each evaluation. The coefficient of the determination (R 2 ) for analyzed oils was above 0.9956, showing good linear regression, which revealed that oxidative stability of the oils can be accurately determined by DSC in a short time as compared to OSI method. In fourth part of study Infraspecific variation in composition of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. (B. purpurea L.) seed oil was assessed for regional discrimination. Samples were collected from five cities of Pakistan (Hyderabad, Tandojam, Multan, Pakpattan and Abbotabad). Linoleic acid, α-tocopherol, and β-sitosterol contents were used to find variability and significant difference among five regions and was found to be p<0.0001. On the basis of fatty acid composition, five regions could not be discriminated using PCA, LDA on fatty acids discriminated the regions and cross-validation was found to be 99%. Using tocopherols only one PCA component was extracted and LDA on tocopherols discriminated within the regions and cross-validation was found to be 100% perfect. PCA and LDA plots for sterol composition showed five distinct groups for both statistical protocols and all cases were 100% correctly classified. The results of present study indicated that tocopherols and sterols are better chemotaxonomic marker as compared to fatty acids for regional discrimination of B. purpurea L. In fifth part of study the extracted oil from four apple seed varieties (Royal Gala, Red Delicious, Pyrus Malus and Golden Delicious) from Pakistan, total forty two samples were investigated for their physiochemical characteristics, fatty acids profile and lipid bioactive by GC-MS. The oil content in the seeds of apple varieties ranged from 26.8-28.7%. The results revealed that linoleic acid (40.5-49.6%) was the main fatty acid. The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of apple seed oils ranged from 1.8-2.1%, squalene, β-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, campesterol, avenasterol, β-sitosterol, 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol and Stigmast-4-en-3-one were identified, which accounted for 98- 100%. The variation among the results of both fatty acids and lipid bioactive for four varieties was assessed by principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analyses. The results conclude that both oil fractions could be applied as a useful tool to discriminate the apple seed varieties.