موضوع1:تازہ گوئی کا رجحان ( میر وسودا کا عہد)
میر تقی میر:
میر تقی میر اردو غزل کا نمائندہ شاعر ہے۔آج تک اس سطح کا کوئی شاعر ہمیں نہیں مل سکا۔ ان کی شاعری کے چھے دیوان چھپے۔ حال ہی میں ان کا ساتواں دیوان دریافت ہوا ہے۔ ڈاکٹر معین الدین عقیل صاحب نے مرتب کرکے یہ دیوان شائع کیا ہے۔
میر کا دور:
میر کا دور 1722ء سے 1810ء تک ہے اس میں کچھ اختلافات پائے جاتے ہیں۔ 1810ء میں ان کی وفات ہوئی میر کا زمانہ ایسا دور تھا جس میں ہر طرف بے چینی تھی۔دلی جو اس وقت مرکز تھا دارالحکومت تھا وہاں بہت سارے بیرونی حملہ آوروں نے بہت دفعہ حملہ کیا اس کی اینٹ سے اینٹ بجائی۔وہاں کے لوگ برباد ہو گئے ،قتل و غارت ہوئی ،خون بہا ،گھر اجڑ گئے ،اپنے بچھڑ گئے۔ان حالات کے اثرات اس وقت کے شعرا ء پر بہت گہرے پڑے۔ ان میں میر کا نام نمایاں ہے۔ میرکے والد کی وفات کے بعد ان کے چچا امان اللہ نے ان کی دیکھ بھال کی۔ ان کے چچا کی وفات کے بعد چچازاد بھائیوں نے گھر سے نکال دیا۔معاشی حالات بھی خراب تھے الغرض ایسے حالات میں میر بھٹکتے رہے۔مشکل حالات کا سامنا کرتے رہے۔ اس کے اثرات ان کی شاعری میں ہمیں نمایاں طور پر نظر آتے ہیں میر جیسا حساس شخص ان تکلیفوں میں مبتلا ہونے کے باوجود ان میں قنوطیت نظر نہیں آتی۔ ان کے دور میں مایوسی کا پہلو نظر نہیں آتا درد تو یقیناً ہے لیکن اس میں مایوسی نہیں۔ انہوں نے تہذیب کا بہت خوبصورتی سے مشاہدہ کیا اور اس کا عکس ان کی شاعری میں نظر آتا ہے۔ البتہ ان کی شاعری میں موت فنا کا ذکر زیادہ آتا ہے لیکن امید کی رمک ان کی شاعری میں جا بجا...
This article aims to analyze the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Delight and Customer Loyalty at the Fitness Center Business in East Java. This research method This research is an explanatory research. The unit of analysis in this study is the individual. The respondents of this research are members of the Fitness Center in East Java. The population in this study were all fitness members in the East Java region who during 2019-2020 years extended their membership at least twice and were in East Java, especially the Kartosusilo Gate area which includes the cities of Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Lamongan. The number of sufficient samples is 365 respondents. The results show that Service Quality has no significant effect on customer delight. This is because with standard equipment and services, members feel happy. Likewise, the characteristics of the majority of fitness center members are individuals who feel quite happy with the situation and conditions provided by the manager, thereby indicating that the Service Quality at the current Fitness Center business in East Java has not been able to encourage an increase in customer delight. The results of this study also show that Service Quality has a significant effect on Customer Loyality, thus Service Quality at the current Fitness Center business in East Java can encourage the increase in Customer Loyality. Given the large role of service quality on customer loyalty, it is recommended that companies always maintain and improve service quality at the Fitness Center business in East Java.
Extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli are major pathogens responsible for causing urinary tract infections. These are associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) and high virulence. A triplex PCR was employed to segregate each isolate into different phylogenetic groups. Among fifty nine uropathogenic E.coli isolates majority belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (50%) where as 19% each belonged to groups A and B1, and 12% to group D. Phylogenetic group D isolates were found to be less frequent but harbored multiple drug resistance and virulence related genes to a greater extent. Drug resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion method and relevant drug resistance gene detection. It was found that most effective drugs were gentamicin and amikacin among aminoglycosides; aztreonam, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and cefixime among β lactams, and ciprofloxacin among quinolones. Streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and nalidixic acid were relatively ineffective. Chloramphenicol was found to be very effective for urinary tract infections. Highly prevalent drug resistance gene was mutated gyrA (83%) followed by tem (46%), bltTEM (41%), tetB (34%), catP (31%), and tem β lactamase (15%); blaSHV and tetA were not detected. Among virulence related genes most prevalent was hlyA (37%) followed by sfaDE (27%), papC (24%), cnf1 (20%), eae A (19%) and afaBC3 (14%). Some of isolates were highly hemolytic to human erythrocytes and some were highly cytotoxic to Vero cells. Highly hemolytic isolates mainly belonged to group D, where as highly verotoxic isolates belonged to group B2 followed by group D. It was also noted that in cnf1 negative isolates cytotoxicity was related to papC, sfaDE, afaBC3, eae A and hlyA genes.