مطبوعہ پاکستانی مصاحف سے متعلق چند فنی مسائل کا جائزہ

Error-free printing of Qur’ānic Text is a collective duty of all Muslims. The fact remains that Muslims have performed this duty with devotion and rightly. They also arranged sittings to discuss "Rasm" and " Ḍabt"(رسم اور ضبط) to understand the crux of matter and provide an expression to the most authentic text. No Muslim can intentionally commit any kind of mistake in the text of Qur’ān. However, such possibilities of error cannot be denied due to negligence and inadvertency. The Ministry for Religious Affairs has made it obligatory for all the printing institutions of Qur’ānic text to follow the model of the Qur’ānic manuscript, produced by Anjman Ḥimāyat-e-Islām, yet many Qur’ānic manuscripts with errors are present in the market. Such manuscripts are not only present in some mosques, but also recited. It causes problems in recitation of those verses and might changing the meaning of them. This article points out such scriptures and errors, so it can be identified and to take steps for preventive measures for such errors in future. This article also suggests some policies and strategies for publishing of Qur’ān for avoiding misprints errors.

Defining Characteristics of an Elite Private School in the Context of Karachi

Despite the significant contribution of the elite private schools' in educating the elite of our societies, commonly, there is very little understanding of their defining characteristics among parents is that elite private schools are (i) privately owned (ii) they have very high fee structure (iii) and are located in posh areas. In the broader sense, it has mostly stayed out of the educationalists, researchers and policy makers' sight on understanding its exact features in the developing contexts. This study has explored the defining characteristics of an elite private school in the context of Karachi. The main aim of this study was to have a greater in-depth understanding of elite private schools and what makes an elite school elite. To gain this understanding regarding elite private school, the main stakeholders of the school have been interviewed, observed and the school documents have been reviewed and analyzed through the qualitative case study method. The main finding of this study revealed that each one of the stakeholders' characteristics contributes in making elite private school 'elite'. Furthermore, the locality of the school and the facilities that are provided for the students and teachers also significantly contribute to the 'elite' status of the school.