میری جان پاکستان
محبت کی زباں میرا وطن ہے
وفا کی داستاں میرا وطن ہے
زندگی تو جیسے بھی ہوگزر جاتی ہے، سورج آگ برسا رہا ہو،موسم سرما کی یخ بستہ ہوائیں شدت کی سردی کا سبب بن رہی ہوں ، موسم بہار میں گلستان کے گلہائے رنگارنگ خوبصورتی بکھیر رہے ہوں۔ ہرلمحہ ہر آن زندگی کاہمامحو پرواز رہتا ہے، لیکن وہ شخص قابل صد افتخار ہے جو زندگی کی بو قلو موینوں سے محبت و پیار سے نبردآزما ہوتا ہے، اور محبت و پیارکی پتنگیںاُس وقت تک نہیں چڑھائی جا سکیں گی جب تک ماحول خوشگوار نہ ہو اور انسیت بھری فضاء نہ ہو۔
اللہ تعالیٰ کا لاکھ لاکھ شکر ہے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہمیں پاکستان کی صورت میں نعمت غیر متر قبہ سے نواز رکھا ہے۔ اس سے محبت ہمارانہ صرف طبعی تقاضا ہے کہ ہمارے عزیز واقارب یہاں رہائش پذیر ہیں ، ہماری سانسوں کی یہاں آمدورفت ہورہی ہے، اس کے شجر، اس کے حجر ہماری زندگی میں ایک اہم اور فعال کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔ بلکہ اس سے محبت ہمارے ایمان کا حصہ ہے۔ فرمانِ رسالت مآب صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم ہے کہ ’’ حب الوطن من الایمان‘‘ وطن سے محبت ایمان کا حصہ بھی ہے۔ ہمارے تو ایمان کی تکمیل ہی وطن سے محبت میں مضمر ہے۔ اگر محبت اور پیار ہے تو ایمان مکمل ہے، اگر وطن سے پیار اور محبت نہیں ہے تو دعویٰ ایمان حقیقت سے یکسر خالی ہے۔
میں کیوں نہ کہوں کہ پاکستان میری جان ہے، میری آن ہے، میری شان ہے۔ انسان اس فانی زندگی میں بھی اپنی جان سے بڑھ کر محبت اور پیار کرتا ہے ، جان کی حفاظت بھی ایمان کی ضروریات میں سے ہے۔ کیونکہ جان سلامت ہے تو پھر ایمان بھی سلامت ہے۔ اور جان کے تحفظ کے...
The present study aims at exploring positive psychological capital in the verses of Qur’an. Positive psychology is the latest advancement in the field of psychology which focuses on improving the well-being of society. Positive psychological capital refers to the combination of overall qualities of positive psychology that contributes to the well-being and mental health. The present study is based on the content analysis of the verses of Qur’an. Content analysis comprises of three steps including identifying the categories or themes, dividing the information into units or parts and finally rating all the themes in all units. In the first step the researchers identified 41 themes from Qur’an by using committee approach and reading the verses between the lines. All these categories were identified by keeping in view the underlying themes of positive psychology. In the second step 30 units were devised from Qur’an by considering each Part as a single unit. The categories included behavior modification, belief in divine help, brotherhood, bravery, contentment, civility, credibility, encouragement of virtue, emotional regulation, excellence, forgiveness, generosity, gratitude, honesty, hopefulness, humility, justice, knowledge, lawful spending, learning, meaningfulness, mindfulness, moderation, obedience, patience, peace, determination, positivity, prosperity, repentance, resilience, reward, self-actualization, self-awareness, self-control, sincerity, social leadership, truthfulness, trust, and wisdom. Results suggest that the most prominent category in Qur’an is the reward. Validity of the study was maintained through the selection of the themes with the help of committee approach. Reliability of the scoring system was maintained through partial inter-rater reliability. Overall the present research has many implications in the positive psychology of religion.
Inspired from the natural photosynthesis in which solar radiation is being effectively utilized in photoconversion of simple compounds (H2O and CO2) into carbohydrates and oxygen, scientists are dragged toward artificial photosynthesis for obtaining important chemicals from cheap and sustainable sources. The efficient conversion of solar energy into clean form chemical energy is the concept that is considered to be effective solution of world’s growing issues i.e. increasing demand of the fossil fuels and global warming. Hydrogen is considered as the fuel of the future because it has more energy capacity than fossil fuel, yielding zero carbon emission and has competency to replace the fossil fuels being used in different sectors. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water is considered as one of the most promising technology by which solar energy could be efficiently utilized in hydrogen generation from its cheap and abundantly available source i.e. water. In this work, we focussed on the use of α-hematite/ferrites composite thin films as electrode material for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Based on the band gap and their band alignment knowledge, three different series of composite thin films i.e. (1) CuFe2O4/α-Fe2O3, (2) ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 and (3) NiFe2O4/ α-Fe2O3 were deposited on planar and 3-dimentional (3-D) nanostructured substrates. The fabricated devices were then structurally and morphologically characterized by various techniques and evaluated for photoelectrochemical water oxidation applications. It has confirmed that the ratio between the components of the composite thin films is crucial, so the highest activity results were obtained by the thin films devices having equal molar ratio (1:1) between α-hematite and ferrites in all the three classes. Among CuFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite thin films series, the CF-1, having 1:1 molar ratio between CuFe2O4 and α-Fe2O3 showed the highest activity. This composite when deposited on planar FTO coated substrate showed the highest photocurrent density of 1.24 mA/cm2 at the applied voltage of 1.23 VRHE and retained the photoconversion efficiency of 0.14%. The same material when deposited on 3-D nanostructured substrate, an increase in the photocurrent density upto 2.2 mA/cm2 at the same applied voltage was recorded. Among ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite thin films, we found that nanostructured device (ZF1-NSP) having molar ratio of 1:1 between their components retained the highest photocurrent density of 2.19 mA/cm2 and showed the photoconversion efficiency of 0.22%. This photocurrent density is 3.4 and 2.73 times higher than photocurrent density values of pure hematite on planar FTO and the highest reported value of ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite, respectively. Among NiFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite thin films, the highest photocurrent density of 2.1 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE was obtained for the composite device having 1:1 molar ratio of NiFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 iii deposited on 3-D nanostructured substrate (NF1-NSP), which was 3.3 times more photocurrent density than pure hematite. It has been verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that α-hematite/ferrite composite thin films have greater conductivities of charge carriers than α-hematite and the highest values of charge conductivities were obtained for the composites consisting of equal molar ratio between α-hematite and ferrite. Based on photoluminescence studies, the photogenerated charge recombination has also been decreased by increasing ferrite component in α-hematite/ferrite composite. So, the better activities of α-hematite/ferrite composite in PEC water oxidation is provided by greater electrical conductivity and reduced charged recombination as compared to pure α-hematite. The performance of 3-D nanostructured devices in photoelectrochemical water oxidation were much greater than planar devices with the similar composite thin films. The three dimensional architecture of the electrode offers large surface area for the redox reaction and larger capability to harvest visible light for enhancing the performance of 3-D nanostructured electrode as compared to planar electrode.