مظہر امام /پروفیسر شہریار/پروفیسر مغنی تبسم
افسوس اس ماہ فروری میں اردو کے آسماں پر درخشاں، چند ستاروں کے چھپ جانے سے اردو دنیا کی رونق میں کمی آگئی، جناب مظہر امام ، پروفیسر شہریار ، پروفیسر مغنی تبسم یکے بعد دیگرے رخصت ہوئے، مظہر امام کی شناخت آزاد غزل کے حوالے سے ہے، کئی شعری اور تنقیدی کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، پروفیسر شہریار اور پروفیسر مغنی تبسم، ہندوستان کی دو ممتاز جامعات یعنی مسلم یونیورسٹی اور جامعہ عثمانیہ میں اردو کے کامیاب اور نامور استاد ہی نہیں، شعرو ادب کی دنیا میں صاحب مرتبہ و مقام بھی تھے، شہریار کی شہرت گو ان کی زندگی کے دور آخر میں خوشبو کی طرح عام ہوئی لیکن نشاط غم اور رنج شادمانی کے مختصر اور فانی لمحات کا ساتھ عمر بھر رہا، ان کی شہرت کے شہپر جب سمٹے ہوئے تھے اس وقت بھی انہوں نے اس خاموشی کو بلیغ معانی دیے تھے، خواب، رات، دیار، پرچھائیں، سفر، تشنہ لبی کے پردے میں وہ دیار دل اور بزم دوستاں تلاش کرتے رہے، مغنی تبسم شہریار کے پیشہ تدریس میں ہی شریک نہیں رسالہ شعرو حکمت میں بھی برابر کے سہیم تھے، وہ حیدرآباد کے دائرہ ادبیات اردو اور رسالہ سب رس سے مدتوں وابستہ رہے، فانی بدایونی پر تحقیق کی تھی، درجنوں کتابیں لکھیں، عجیب بات ہے کہ ادبی سفر میں مغنی تبسم اور شہریار ساتھ ساتھ رہے، ابدی سفر میں بھی یہ رفاقت قائم رہی، شہریار کے نام ایک خط میں مغنی تبسم نے لکھا تھا کہ ’’شاعری تو ایسی چیز ہے جو خدا، انسان اور کائنات کے درمیان پچھلی راتوں کا دعائیہ بن جاتی ہے، کتنے لوگ ہیں جوان ساعتوں میں دست دعا دراز کرتے ہیں‘‘، مغفرت کے لیے کوئی عمل یا کوئی قول کام آسکتا ہے، ہمارا دست دعا بھی اسی لیے دراز ہے۔...
Allah sent Hadrat Muhammad (SAW) as last Prophet and preserved his all aspect of life for the complete guidance of mankind. Love with the Holy Prophet (SAW) is a part of the Faith. But it has become the standard of his love that all the things which are attributed to him either authentic or unauthentic are accepted without research. Regarding the S╚rah (life) of Holy Prophet (SAW) numerous authentic narrations are exist, but on the other hand some fabricated narrations also mentioned by the story-teller historians, so be careful while propagating these narrations. Some narrations are very famous regarding the birth of the Holy prophet (SAW) which are far away from the reality. In this article some narrations regarding the birth of the Holy prophet (SAW) are scholarly reviewed in the light of the views of the scholars of Jarh-o- Ta‘d┘l in order to find their legal status.
Bread wheat is the greatest vital crop for global population.An investigation to find out the genetic diversity among 102 wheat genotypes acquired from Plant Genetic Resources Institute of Pakistan. Agro-morphological data was noted for nineteen measurable traits at various growing phases in the winter 2016 in Mansehra District. The data was analyzed by applying Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Least significant difference test (LSD), Principal component analyses and cluster analysis. Results revealed significant level of diversity for all the morphological traits. Out of one hundred and two genotypes, a subset of eighteen has been established having quality characters. The genotypes were clustered into five groups clusters based on Euclidean dissimilarity index.PCA based on 19 morphological characters under 2016 year displayed that first 5th PCs accounted for 55.83% of total variance, PC I, PC II, and PC III showed maximum genetic variability 18.15%, 13.33%, 10.78% respectively of total morphological diversity. Wheat seedling were also screened for drought tolerance through Relative water contents (RWC), Water loss rate (WLR), Water use efficiency (WUE) and selected root traits. The genotypes seemed to respond differently during drought and normal environment for physiological and seedling traits. Under drought stress condition PS-05, PS-08, Atta Habib, 10770 and 10779 were considered as drought tolerant due to their high relative water contents, lower water loss rate and higher water use efficiency. Under drought condition shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, and root dry weight decreased by 30.95, 31.26, xiii 47.20, 55.03, 37.25, 34.18%, respectively. Significant and positive correlation was found among most of the seedling traits under normal and stress conditions. The genotypes PS-05, PS-08, Atta Habib, 10770, 10779, 10761, and 10785 were screened as drought tolerant while Faisalabad-08, Sehar-06, Lasani-08, 011870, 011872, 011871, and 011869 as drought susceptible genotypes. Out of 58 SSR markers used for estimation of genetic diversity 47 showed polymorphism. The dendrogram was created based on coefficient of similarity using UPGMA analysis. Per locus an average alleles were 7.027 detected. Per marker with an average of 0.84 of PIC values were observed. It was concluded from the results that microsatellite markers were effective in detect polymorphic marker with high genetic similarity in wheat. Two drought responsive candidate genes (Dehydration-Responsive Element Binding (dreb), and Fructan exohydrolase (Feh), were amplified using KASP. Out of the 102 genotypes, 61 were found to carry the allele A (dreb – resistant allele) which refers to the Dreb gene, while 33 genotypes were found to carry the allele C (feh – resistant allele) which is highly expressed under drought stress.Our results demonstrated the relative importance of several morphological, physiological, root traits, SSR, and KASP markers using dreb, feh gene for drought resistant evaluation in genotypes of wheat. This study offers claims to cultivate drought tolerant genotypes for food security in drought prone environment.