مولانا حکیم سید محفوظ علی
افسوس ہے نومبر کی ۲؍ تاریخ کوہماری جماعت دیوبند کے ایک نامور رکن مولانا حکیم سیدمحفوظ علی صاحب نے کم وبیش ستر برس کی عمر میں دیوبند میں داعی اجل کولبیک کہااور رہ گزائے عالم آخرت ہوگئے۔ موصوف دارالعلوم دیوبند کے فارغ التحصیل تھے اور علوم عقلیہ ونقلیہ دونوں میں کسی میں کم اور کسی میں زیادہ پختہ استعداد رکھتے تھے۔ فراغت کے بعد کچھ دِنوں مدرسہ میں بحیثیت معین المدرسین چند ابتدائی کتابوں کادرس بھی دیا ۔مگر طبیعت میں فنِ طب کی طرف شدید میلان پیدا ہوا تو دلّی کے نامورطبیب حکیم عبدالوہاب عرف نابینا مرحوم کی خدمت میں چندسال رہ کر اس شوق کی تکمیل اس خلوص، محنت اورانہماک سے کی کہ علماً وعملاً ایک ممتاز صاحبِ فن اوراُستاد کے لائقِ فخر ومعتمد علیہ تلمیذ رشید بن گئے۔ اب دِلّی سے رُخصت ہوکر دیوبند میں ہی انہوں نے مطب جمایاتو چندہی مہینوں میں اُن کے حذاقتِ فن اوردستِ شفاء کی شہرت دُور دورتک پہنچ گئی۔ اور اُن کامطب مرجع خواص و عوام ہوگیا ۔فنّی کمال ومہارت کے علاوہ اخلاقی اعتبارسے بھی بڑے خلیق ومتواضع، خوش طبع وخندہ رو اور غیرت وخودداری کے ساتھ حد درجہ مخلص وبے لوث انسان تھے یہی وجہ ہے کہ جس توّجہ سے وہ مریضوں کا علاج کرتے تھے اُسی توّجہ اور خلوص سے طلباء کوطِب کادرس خالصۃً لوجہ اﷲ دیتے تھے۔
حضرت شاہ صاحب ؒ کے قریبی عزیز تھے۔اِس تعلق سے ہم خدام بارگاہ کے ساتھ غیر معمولی شفقت ومحبت اور التفات وتوجّہ کامعاملہ کرتے تھے۔ ان خدام میں میں سب سے کم عمربھی تھااور کم مایہ بھی،مگر اُن کاجوشِ التفات وکرم ان حدود کی پروا نہیں کرتا تھا۔ ہم اُن کواپنا مخدوم ومحترم مانتے تھے اور وہ ہمارے ساتھ بالکل عزیزوں کاسا برتاؤ کرتے تھے۔ گذشتہ اکتوبر کی ۲۸؍ تاریخ کوایک کمیٹی کی میٹنگ...
This research is conducted, in order to analyze the students’ academic performance at secondary school level in Pakistan. This is a case study conducted in Hyderabad Division of Sindh Province in Pakistan. The study was focused to the students who have passed matriculation class (Class-X), equivalent to secondary level in Pakistan(10 years of education). Sample size of 1097 higher Secondary level students were randomly selected from various colleges and schools in a way that around 150 students should take part in the survey from each institute. The sample selection was further divided on gender (Male = 448, Female = 648) and locale (Urban=455, Rural=641) basis. A data collection questionnaire was developed by the researchers and implemented for data collection. After collection of the data from desired population, the statistical analysis based on Pearson’s Chi-square and Correlation models were carried out in SPSS. The conclusion inferred from the data analysis of the study, strongly revealed that the students’ academic achievement at high school secondary level was highly associated to their parent’s educational level and socio-economic background. Therefore, it is strongly recommended financial condition of the population must be enhanced by taking appropriate measures. In order to coup tough financial conditions at their homes, deprived students should be provided adequate scholarships. Free stationary and books should also be provided at schools.
From the last few decades, herbal products have been recognized globally.Plants have a major role in human’s life as they maintain and treat numerous diseases of both animals and humans. Medicinal plants are the major source of components that can be used in drug industry. Medicinal plants have exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer activities. Currently, natural products are a part of more than half of all the recent drugs in use as they are cost effective and safe to use as compared to synthetic medicines. As medicinal plants are gaining importance day by day, eight medicinal plants have been selected to estimate biological potential of crude extracts. These include Portulaca grandiflora, Cynodon dactylon, Oxalis corniculata, Boheravia diffusa, Geranium wallichianum, Melia azedarach, Lawsonia inermis, and Paeonia emodi wall. Different polar and non-polar solvents were used to prepape extracts of these plants, and evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Folin Ciocalteo and aluminium chloride methods were used to find out the total phenolic and flavonoid contents respectively. Three common methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant property of selected medicinal plants including 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and phosphomolybdenum based total antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion method against six multi drug resistant strains and two sensitive reference strains. Antifungal activity was measured by agar disc diffusion assay against five fungal pathogenic strains. These crude plant extracts were also estimated for their anticancer potential against three cancer and one normal cell line including Hep2 (hepatic cancer), DU145 (prostate cancer), MDA-MB 231 (breast cancer) and MCF-10A (normal breast cell line). Further, the most active extracts were used to estimate their role in apoptosis via flow cytometry, annexin V/FITC and DNA frangmentation assay. For prevention of metastatic cancer crude extracts of plants were investigated for their wound healing and invasive potential, and also for NF-ĸB signaling pathway through Western blotting of apoptotic genes.Selected plant extracts were active against multidrug resistant bacterial strains, as maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethanolic extract of G. wallichianum against S. typhi (43.3±1.5 with MIC of 25 µg/ml) and second highest in methanolic extract of P. grnadiflora against P. aeruginosa (36±1 with MIC of 25 µg/ml). Highest zone of inhibition against fungus was obtained from methanolic extract of P. grandiflora and ethanolic extract of C. dactylon (18±1 and 18±1.4 with the MIC of 50 µg/ml) against C. albicans. Maximum flavonoid and phenolic contents were obtained from alcoholic (methanloic and ethanolic) extracts while from polar extracts i.e. n-hexane phytochemicals were least extracted. Methanolic extracts of P. grandiflora contained highest amount of phenolic contents (89 µg GAE/mg) while lowest in n-hexane extracts of O. corniculata and P. grandiflora (15 µg GAE/mg). Highest amount of flavonoids were found in methanolic extracts of M. azedarach and B. diffusa (72 µg QE/mg). Maximum DPPH scavenging activity was estimated in ethnolic extract of O. corniculata (IC50 of 38 µg/ml) while second highest for methanolic extract of P. grandiflora (IC50 of 40 µg/ml). Reducing power of methanolic extract of O. corniculata was 2nd highest (11.5 µg AAE/mg) while highest reducing power was obtained in methanolic extracts of P. emodi (15.29 µg AAE/mg). Polyphenols in high amount in selected plant extracts have shown high antioxidant potential thus showing a positive correlation between phenolics and free radical scavenging power of plants. P. grandiflora exhibited highest anticancer potential by its methanol (PGM) and nhexane (PGH) extracts against MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line with lowest IC50, thus P. grandiflora was selected for further analysis on MDA-MB 231 cells. As P. grandiflora inhibit the breast cancer cells, this inhibition was connected with the cell cycle arrest in its early phases (G0/G1), consequently apoptosis was induced by high levels of annexin V+ve cells and aggregation of cells in Sub-G1 population. Thus both the extracts PGM and PGH inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis through inhibition of NF-ĸB pathway and its related apoptotic genes (XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin and cyclin D1). Caspase-3 activation through PGM and PGH also indicated the persuasion of apoptosis. It was observed that PGM and PGH repudiate IĸBα phosphorylation and constitutive NF-ĸB activation in MDA-MB 231 cells. Furthermore, PGM and PGH also prevent the metastatic ability of MDA-MB 231 cells evaluated through wound healing and invasion assay. Present study concludes that selected medicinal plants of Pakistan have strong antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer potential; these plants specifically P. grandiflora should be further analyzed completely through isolation and characterization of active secondary metabolites responsible for all these activities