Concept of Islamic Leadership in Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’s Philosophy

Islamic leadership is defined as a divine trust (amanah) from Allah, based on the Tauhidic paradigm of oneness of Allah that is focusing to serve HIM as HIS servant, while at the same time be the servant of Allah, perform the role of Khalefah (vicegerent) of Allah fully adheres to the Sunnah central to Islamic personality, characteristics and aklaq (Islamic moral and ethical) that was exemplified by the prophet (s.a.w), leading followers to the organization goals and to the straight path of the success in the Hereafter. It is based on this adopted definition that the paper tries to look into the notion from perspective of a Malaysian Muslim Philosopher to the core, Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, who believes in delivering amanah given to him, and at the same time perform the role of vicegerent of Allah. He suggests that lack of good leaders or rise of unqualified and false ones is one of the major problems of Ummah. Content analysis approach is engaged on both primary and secondary data collected. That is to say, it is a qualitative research in nature. The finding shows that the basis of Al-Attas’s concept of leadership is entrenched in Al-Qur’an and the tradition of the prophet in addition to his deep understanding on the Islamic Sciences such as Islamic theology, philosophy, and metaphysis and so on.

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Amoxicillin/Clavulanicacid and Antacid Interaction

Every day various Pharmaceutical products being marketed by various Pharmaceutical companies and various problems arises after the product gets approved and marketed.As coprescription of various drugs is a common practice of health care practitioners in our country resulting in significant drug-drug interactions in local population and are very much challenging because one drug may alter bioavailability of any of the other drug at its receptor site. Mostly they resulted due to any significant change in ADME(absorption,distribution,metabolism and elimination).These interactions lead to serious adverse effects and sometimes lead to death.Some other factors like self-medication,lack of professional pharmacist at pharmacy, racial and ethnic differences contribute to development of ADRs(Adverse drug reactions).It also increase professional liability of Pharmacist that by knowledge of pharmacokinetic tools they point out various drug-drug interactions and provide appropriate guide line for better pharmacotherapy. Drug-drug interaction study can be analyzed by various pre-clinical and clinical experimental ways.The present study mainly focused on compartmental and non-compartmental method of analysis.In this method pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction analyze followed by statistical comparision of some parameters.It is relatively a simple and rapid method.If most of pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed showed a significant statistical difference demonstrate the manifestation of drug-drug interaction. During the present study pharmacokinetic interaction between oral combination of amino penicillin and a beta-lactamase inhibitor i.e. Co-amoxiclav(250 mg amoxicillin + 125 mg clavulanic acid) with an antacid(10 ml) containing aluminium hydroxide,magnesium hydroxide and simethicone were evaluated.As it is most common practice of using this combination in local population not only prescribed but also as self medication.The data obtained was used to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of Co-amoxiclave alone and with simultaneous administration of antacid.Initially Physico-chemical test were performed for augmentin to check the quality of product.