استفہام بمعنی امر
بسااوقات استفہام امر کے معنوں میں استعمال ہوتا ہے ۔ ذیل کی آیت:
"إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ"۔ [[1]]
"شیطان تو یہی چاہتا ہے کہ شراب اور جوئے کے ذریعے تمہارے درمیان دشمنی اور بغض کے بیج ڈال دے اور تمہیں اللہ کی یاد اور نماز سے روک دے ، اب بتاؤ کہ کیا تم ان چیزوں سے باز آ جاؤ گے"۔
اس آیت میں ’’فھل انتم منتھون ‘‘ در اصل ’’انتھوا عنھا‘‘ کے معنی میں مستعمل ہے ۔
"فَإِلَّمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ بِعِلْمِ اللَّهِ وَأَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ"۔[[2]]
"اس کے بعد اگر یہ تمہاری بات قبول نہ کریں تو (اے لوگو) یقین کر لو کہ یہ وحی صرف اللہ کےحکم سے اتری ہےاور یہ کہ اللہ کے سوا کوئی عبادت کے لائق نہیں، تو کیا اب تم فرما بردار بنو گے"۔
جناب فلاحی کی رائے میں آیت مذکور میں ’’فھل انتم مسلمون‘‘ استفہام کے معنی میں نہیں بلکہ امر کے مفہوم میں استعمال ہوا ہے یعنی ’’اسلموا لھذا لاکتاب و آمنو ‘‘ ۔[[3]]
" قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَهْلَكَنِيَ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ مَعِيَ أَوْ رَحِمَنَا”[[4]]
"اے پیغمبر ان سے کہو کہ ذرا یہ بتلاؤ کہ چاہے اللہ مجھے اور میرے ساتھیوں کو ہلاک کر دے یا ہم پر رحم فرما دے"۔
قاضی ثناء اللہ پانی پتی کے مطابق ’’ارءیتم‘‘ میں ابتدائی ہمزہ استفہام تقریری کے لیے...
The trade economy is dependent upon the institutional quality of the country. It affects the ease of doing business in the economy. It is plausible to think that, how institutional quality can affect the trading performance of Pakistan. Small & medium enterprises (SMEs) are playing the role of the backbone of the trade sector in Pakistan. Contribution SMEs can be significantly improved, by improving the supporting macroeconomic indicators. This paper studies the short-run and the long-run association between SME trade growth and cost of production, relative prices, and Institutional quality in Pakistan. It also examines the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, between SME trade growth and institutional quality in Pakistan. This study utilizes secondary data, which is taken from multiple secondary sources, including the SMEDA, Pakistan Economic Survey, and world development indicators. The biannual data is assembled up for 38 observations from (2000 to 2019). This study uses Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound testing method to examine the short run and long run connections between SMEs’ trade growth and macro-economic variables, like; relative prices, Cost of production. Gross Domestic Product, exchange rate, and institutional quality. These variables are selected from the available literature. The study finds that the short-run response of SMEs trade is not significant, but it significantly responds to macro-economic indicators in long run. The institutional quality has a non-linear relationship with SMEs trade growth. This indicates that the pollution heaven hypothesis holds valid even for the case of institutional quality and SMEs trading performance. The study focuses on the optimality of institutional quality for the optimal performance level of SMEs in Pakistan.
This research study aims to investigate the determinants of customers' buying intention towards counterfeit
product like Tablet PC in PC industry by focusing on the effects of attitude and personality towards the buying
intention for counterfeit products. Personality factor is conceptualized to have five dimensions namely Novelty
Seeking, Status Consumption, Integrity, Pricing and Perceived Risk. A survey on 200 customers of Tablet PC
was conducted in Rex City, a computer market, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Results revealed that Novelty Seeking,
Status Consumption and Integrity were insignificant variables and had no influence on attitude toward
counterfeit Products. Perceived risk also had no impact on customers buying intentions towards counterfeit
products. While Customers' buying intention toward counterfeit was positively and significantly influenced by
Attitude towards counterfeit product and attitude towards counterfeit was influenced by Pricing.
Further investigation showed that attitude towards counterfeit product fully mediate the relationship between
Pricing and customers' buying intention toward counterfeit products. This means, only pricing had favorable
buying attitude towards counterfeit. Since the current study shows that only Price sensitive customers would
buy counterfeit products, thus this finding is beneficial to genuine manufacturer in producing branded
products at low and affordable price that are difficult to be counterfeited.