مقناطیس
ڈاکٹر جمیل حیات
‘‘اگر آپ خودکوشش نہیں کریں گے تو اِس مصیبت سے آپ کو کوئی اور نہیں نکالے گا۔’’
بزرگ کافی دیر سے اُسے سمجھانے کی کوشش کر رہے تھے۔
‘‘آخر آپ سمجھتے کیو ں نہیں؟ مانا کہ بہت مشکل ہے لیکن آپ پڑھے لکھے ہیں۔یہ جانتے ہیں کہ اِس کا علاج تو حکیم لقمان کے پاس بھی نہیں تھا۔ ’’
وہ ہمہ تن گوش تھا۔ ‘‘ بجا فرمایا حضرت آپ نے۔ ’’ بڑی دیر کے بعد بالآخر اُس نے زبان کھولی۔ ‘‘ پھر بھی آپ اللہ والے ہیں۔ دعا بھی تو تقدیر بدلتی ہے۔’’بزرگ مسکرائے، اُن کا دلآویز تبسم مایوس اور نا امید لوگوں کے لیے زندگی کی علامت تھا تاہم وہ اِس وقت بہت بکھرا ہوا ، بے حدتھکا ہوا لگ رہا تھا اُس کی نظر اُن پر تو تھی مگر ذہن کہیں اور تھا۔ ‘‘ میاں تم ٹھیک کہتے ہو ، لیکن یہ بھی جانتے ہو کہ اللہ اُس وقت تک کسی قوم یا فرد کی حالت نہیں بدلتا جب تک وہ خود اپنی حالت نہ بدلے۔ ’’
اُس کی نگاہوں میں دنیا جہاں کا کرب تھا۔ ‘‘ اِس کا مطلب ہے۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ’’
ً ‘‘ہاں۔ ’’ اُ نہوں نے اُس کی بات کاٹتے ہوئے کہا۔ ‘‘ اب یہ صرف آپ پر منحصر ہے۔ آپ کوشش تو کریں، مالک کرم کرے گا۔’’
شام کا اندھیرا چھا چکاتھا۔جب وہ بزرگ سے اِجازت لے کر نکلا۔سڑک پر چلتے ہوئے وہ اپنے خیالوں میں گم تھا ، جب اچانک ہی کسی گاڑی کے زور سے بریک لگانے کی آواز نے اُسے چونکا دیا:
‘‘او بھائی ! اگر خودکشی کا اِتنا ہی شوق ہے تو کہیں اور جا کر مرو۔’’
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All the companions (Shaba R.A.) would get the pleasure of feasting their eyes with the sight of prophet’s (S.A.W) appearance while being in his companionship for years. They would memorize the attained knowledge from prophet (S.A.W) and convey it to the audience with the paradigm of excellence in the personality of prophet (S.A.W). These aspects are discussed in books of Hadith and Seerat-e-Nabawi (S.A.W) as incidence, but are out of study of scholastic group. Hence, the one researching Seerat-e-Nabawi (S.A.W) cannot infer these contents. Many initial books on the physical description of Prophet (S.A.W) have partially focused on the limited aspects of physical description of Prophet (S.A.W) while a large number of these aspects could not be discussed and included. It was essential to primarily identify and include such worth- knowing but overlooked aspects of Prophet‘s physical description in the books of Hadith and Seerat.
Diversification of exports is one of major concerns of developing countries’ trade policy. There are number of studies which suggest for diversification of export for sustainable exports growth and consequently for economic development. It is evident from various studies that export diversification is changed with the level of development. Least Developed countries have lesser diversification and their exports gradually become more diversified as their development level increased. This trend continues to a certain development level and countries specialized in selected manufacturing industries and finally at higher national income level their diversification level decreased. Pakistan is a developing country and follows the same trend of export diversification with comparatively lower speed. This thesis has analyzed the relationship between GDP and export diversification. The level of diversification is measured through various indices, but for empirical analysis the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is used to measure the product as well as geographical export diversification. The result shows a long run relationship between GDP and product export diversification, while the relationship with geographical export diversification shows no significant long run relationship with GDP. It is therefore concluded that the government policy of geographical export diversification, which is implemented through various trade agreement, is not giving the desired results. This phenomenon also confirmed by using the gravity model. The dummy variable on trade agreements and European Union’s unilateral preferential market access were found to be insignificant. The gravity model has shown a positive and significant relationship of exports and distance, which is contrary to gravity theory. The analysis further confirmed domestic credit, government expenditure on human capital and terms of trade as determinants of product export diversification. While variables such as openness, exchange rate, terms of trade and human capital are determinants of geographical export diversification. These results suggest for a product export diversification focused policy for Pakistan. This thesis has also analyzed Pakistan’s competitiveness in light of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). This index is created by World Economic Forum, and the data are released annually. Though Pakistan’s rank in GCI is very low, but our comparative analysis confined the South Asian countries which fall in stage-1 of development. The GCI has 12 pillars on the basis of which competitiveness ranks are determined. For the countries on stage-1 developmental level 60% weights are assigned to first four pillars of the GCI. It was found that majority of the variables used for measuring the competitiveness level come from opinion surveys. Therefore various empirical studies have not shown the relationship between higher GCI rank and economic growth. The correlation coefficient between export diversification and GCI for the countries on stage-1 shows a moderate relationship. Such diverse estimation shows that the economic analysis with GCI is useless. Empirical studies have argued that the measurement through opinion survey is useless.