A CRITICAL STUDY OF CLINTON BENNETT’S THOUGHTS TOWARDS SIRAH OF THE HOLY PROPHET ﷺ

Sirah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is the topic on which a lot of work has been done both in the Muslim and non-Muslim world. For Muslims it was the source of aspiration and adaptation for the practical purposes of social life while for the non-Muslims it was the source of inquisitiveness and understanding Islam as a successful religion in the past and present time. Therefore, Muslim enthusiastic interest in the biography of the Holy Prophet ﷺ developed and evolved into a regular science while the west has modified the knowledge of biography according to their own order of preference but within the same biographic precedents. Both have tried to reconstruct the biography of the Holy Prophet ﷺ historically, chronologically and logically. Clinton Bennett is one of the western scholars who has contributed not only in the Islamic literature but also the biographic field. His work consists of numerous issues in Islam. Whatever he has learned from Islam and the Sirah of Holy Prophet and thus concluded in the form of his own thoughts, he has expressed most of them in his famous five books for example ‘In Search of Muhammad’, ‘Muslims and Modernity’, ‘Studying Islam’, ‘Interpreting the Qur’an’, and ‘Victorian Images of Islam’ (doctoral thesis)’. This study focuses on Clinton Bennett’s work on Sirah specifically with his broader view of the subject. This research is descriptive and analytical in nature and presents a detailed analysis of the work it is based upon.

Performance Improvement of Parallel Sparse Matrix-Vector Product on Pc Cluster

The efficient parallelization of sparse matrix-vector product (SMVP) is of prime importance in scientific computing. To achieve this on a distributed memory computers, we concentrate on minimizing the inter-processor communication, achieving a good balance of workload, overlapping communication with computation along with optimizing single processor performance. The thesis consists of two parts presenting the optimization and improvement of sparse matrix-vector multiplication performance on single as well as multi processors. For the performance improvement of SMVP on a single scalar processor, we propose two sparse storage formats, namely the grouped compressed row storage with permutation (GCRSP) and the blocked compressed row storage with permutation (BCRSP). The proposed formats are designed to efficiently exploit the benefits of blocking such as reduced indirect addressing, increased spatial and temporal locality along with eliminating the corresponding overheads. For the good load balancing and low communication cost, reordering of sparse matrices according to their sparsity structure is highly important. For this purpose we proposed reordering based partitioning strategies that tend to exploit sparsity of input matrix presenting the balanced load distribution along with the reduced communication cost. It has been observed that GCRSP improves the performance over simple compressed row storage (CRS) and compressed row storage with permutation (CRSP) with an average of 16% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, due to blocking in BCRSP, the performance improvements of an average of 32%, 41% and 20% are observed over CRS, CRSP and GCRSP respectively. Likewise, the proposed partitioning models permuted row column matrix produce an average of 49% better load balancing and 14% better communication than the corresponding naïve row/column and checker board models. Moreover, they produce same level of balanced load and an average of 78% better communication than the corresponding balanced naïve partitioning i.e. row/column block and balanced checker board (BCH) models. On the whole an average of 30% performance gain for parallel SMVP is achieved by using BCRSP format along with permuted row partitioning over the implementation using CRS format with naïve row partitioning using cluster of eight processors.